Liquid sloshing is becoming a major source of noise in hybrid and high-end luxury cars, especially during acceleration/deceleration driving conditions. This is due to the reduction in noise from other sources, namely, engine, transmission system, road–tyre interaction and so on. Sloshing noise is highly dependent on fluid motion in the containers. Based on the fluid motion in the containers, sloshing is classified into different regimes. The present experimental study discusses the noise generation mechanisms for various sloshing regimes. It is done by emulating different sloshing regimes in a partially filled rectangular tank by imposing longitudinal periodic excitation. The effect of fill level on noise generation phenomenon in each regime is analysed, individually, using dynamic response parameters and high-speed camera images. In this study, the measured dynamic response parameters are pressure, force, acceleration and sound pressure levels as a function of time. The fundamental reasons for the cause of sloshing noise in partially filled rectangular tanks are identified in terms of fluid motion and its interaction with the surrounding objects. The excitations upto the sloshing resonance condition cause hydraulic jumps along the tank walls leading to hit noise. Excitations beyond the sloshing natural frequency cause the predominant interaction of surface waves with surrounding fluid leading to splash noise.
Sloshing in fuel tanks is one of the major sources of noise in hybrid and high-end vehicles. During sloshing, the fluid causes impacts on tank walls resulting in their vibration, which further leads to noise, referred to as “Hit noise”. Therefore, hit noise generation is a multi-physics phenomenon involving fluid flow, structural response, and acoustic radiation. This paper presents a multi-physics approach to predict hit noise in a rectangular tank. The methodology involves the prediction of fluid loading on tank walls and their structural response using transient fluid and structural analyses which are weakly coupled. Radiated hit noise is predicted using acoustic finite element analysis. Longitudinal periodic excitation is applied to the fluid domain at different frequencies to simulate the sloshing regime which has dominant fluid-structure interactions. Parameters like tank wall pressures, the resulting dynamic acceleration and radiated sound pressure levels are monitored and validated with the experimental results available in the literature.
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