Scarcity of energy resources, increasing power generation cost and ever-growing demand for electric energy necessitates optimal economic dispatch in today's power systems. The main objective of economic dispatch is to reduce the total power generation cost, while satisfying various equality and inequality constraints. Traditionally in economic dispatch problems, the cost function for generating units has been approximated as a quadratic function which doesn't provide accurate results. Moreover, to obtain accurate fuel cost, valve-point effect in thermal power plant has to be taken into account. The inclusion of valve-point effect makes the modeling of the fuel cost functions of generating units more practical. In this paper a new evolutionary algorithm called Pattern Search Technique, has been employed to solve economic dispatch problem with the valve-point effect. Using this technique the non-linear cost function is solved for three unit system and the results are compared with the traditional PSO and GA method. These results prove that Pattern Search method is capable of getting higher quality solution including mathematical simplicity, fast convergence, and robustness to solve hard optimization problems.
This paper presents application of a Bee Hive Algorithm to Economic Load Dispatch which considers practical constraints and non linear characteristics. The proposed ED formulation includes ramp rate limits, valve loading effects, multiple fuels, equality and inequality constraints, which usually are found simultaneously in realistic power systems. Conventional methods such as Lambda iteration and Base point participation are not able to obtain optimal solution for units having discontinuous fuel cost functions. Bee Hive Algorithm can overcome the difficulties and provides an almost global optimal solution, since they don't get stuck up at local optimum.Keywords: Economic load Dispatch, Bee Hive Algorithm, Valve-point loading, Ramp rate limits, Multiple Fuels IntroductionECONOMIC Load Dispatch (ELD) seeks "the best" generation for the generating plants to supply the required demand plus transmission losses with the minimum production cost. Improvement in scheduling the units output can lead to significant cost savings. In traditional ELD problems, the cost function of each generator is approximately represented by a simple quadratic function and is solved using mathematical programming based on several optimization techniques such as dynamic programming, Linear programming, homogenous linear programming and quadratic programming methods[2],[3], [4]. However none of these methods may be able to provide an optimal solution and they usually get stuck at a local optimum. Normally the input-output characteristic of modern generating units are highly nonlinear in nature due to valve-point effect [ [19], etc., have been proposed to solve ELD problem. These techniques can be used to search the global optimum with any type of objective function and constraints [22]. In this paper, two ED problem for 3 and 10 thermal units with a non smooth fuel cost function [8] are employed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method with BHA and the results were compared with GA.The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section II describes the formulation of an ED problem; while section III explains the standards in BHA. Section IV then details the procedure of handling the BHA. Section V gives the flow chart. Section VI gives the Data and gives the results of the optimization. Section VII outlines our conclusion and future research.
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