The goal of this paper is to review the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment options of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) total joint replacement (TJR). TMJ articles published within the last 20 years were reviewed to collect the information on non-invasive and invasive TMD treatment methods. Recent technological advancements helped the evolution of treatment methods and offered significant value to TMD patients and surgeons. Considering the TMD levels, the therapeutic procedures can involve general health examiniations, physical therapy, medication, oral rehabilation or as an end stage clinical invention, temporomandibular joint replacement. In fact when intra-articular TMD is present, the effective treatment method appears to be TJR. However, concern for infection, material hypersensitivity, device longevity and screws loosening issues still exists. Further combined research utilizing the knowledge and expertise of, surgeons, material scientists, and bioengineers is needed for the development of improved TMD therapeutic treatment.
The present work is aimed at developing superhydrophobic coatings on AA 7075 using two different fatty acids namely Stearic acid and Myristic acid. The coating was developed by initially etching the substrate in 1 M NaOH solution at a temperature of 70 °C for 10 hours, followed by passivating in 0.01 M ethanolic stearic acid and 0.01 M ethanolic myristic acid for different durations of passivation time. The coated samples were further investigated for their surface morphology, wettability and corrosion resistance. The contact angle and surface morphology of the developed coatings were assessed by contact angle goniometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was studied in 3.5 Wt. % aqueous NaCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization test (PDP). Passivation using fatty acids resulted in alteration of the surface morphology, which resulted in the increase of the contact angle exhibiting superhydrophobic nature, which also enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
The present work is aimed at the synthesis of fluorine substituted and carbonate substituted hydroxyapatites (FHA, CHA) by the mechanochemical method. The shortest milling time required for the synthesis of FHA and CHA using calcium hydroxide and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as precursors was estimated. In addition to the Ca and P precursors, ammonium carbonate and ammonium fluoride were used for carbonate and fluorine substitutions, respectively. Thermal stability of the synthesized FHA and CHA was evaluated. The phase composition and crystallite size were evaluated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique was employed to confirm the functional groups corresponding to the FHA and CHA. Thermal stability of the FHA and CHA was determined by the XRD and FTIR studies on the FHA and CHA powders annealed at 900 °C. From the XRD and FTIR results, it is observed that the 30 min milling time is the shortest time for the complete formation of FHA and CHA. The powders synthesized with a minimum milling time of 30 min exhibited better thermal stability.
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