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The 'chain reaction' effect of the interaction between wind pressure and windborne debris is likely to be a major cause of damage to residential buildings during severe wind events. The current paper (Part II) concerns the quantification of such pressure-debris interaction in an advanced vulnerability model that integrates the debris risk model developed in Part I and a component-based wind-pressure damage model. This vulnerability model may be applied to predict the cumulative wind damage during the passage of particular hurricanes, to estimate annual hurricane losses, or to conduct system reliability analysis for residential developments, with the effect of windborne debris fully considered.

Quantitative risk analysis enables rational accounting for the effect of spatial scale on estimates of damage to individual structures or to groups of closely spaced structures during severe windstorms. The case of window breakage on the fac ade of an iconic tall building, which motivated a series of such risk-based studies, is presented. The main part of the paper provides an overview of an integrated vulnerability model to estimate structural damage in clusters of residential buildings due to tropical-cyclone winds. This model accounts for the occurrence of a possible 'chain reaction' of events involving wind pressure damage and wind-borne debris damage, amplifying the aggregate losses. Several numerical examples are provided.