<span>The emergent of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education in Malaysia has embarked challenges in higher education system. Conventional teaching methods often cause lower learning gain, fear and bad perceptions among students. The old initiative may also be the cause of students’ demotivation, lower interest in learning a subject or even dropouts. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an inverted classroom by using the problem-based method in Biology subject among science foundation students. Students were divided into two groups; experimental (EG) and control (CG) group. A topic in Biology had been selected, and an assessment paper was given to both groups before and after the intervention session. The EG would experience self-learning through given materials and asked to conduct a problem-based learning study case. Meanwhile, the CG would obey the conventional teaching method before given a similar study case. The result reported significant improvement in assessment marks for EG group compared to the CG group. The students’ comparison between the pre- and post-test implies that they have shown positive improvement in understanding the content of the subject tested. This finding will serve as a primary platform to improvise and enhance teaching and learning methodology in biology subject for foundation level.</span>
Background, aim, and scope Ballast is a device in a fluorescent lamp that supports the production of light. In this study, the environmental impacts of two types of Malaysian ballast, magnetic ballast and electronic ballast, were identified and compared using the life cycle assessment approach through the ISO 14040 (2005) series. Materials and methodsThe functional unit is consumption of 36 W ballast for a fluorescent lamp of 36 W during 10 years of working hours. The life cycle impact assessment was determined by the Eco-indicator 99 method. Only material processing, production, and use stages were considered in this study. Component inventory showed steel to be the major component in both the magnetic and electronic ballasts, used as the core steel and housing, respectively. Results, discussion, and conclusions For raw material and manufacturing phases, electronic ballast registered higher value for each damage category: 2.92×10 −5 disability adjusted life years (DALY) for human health, 1.43 potential disappeared fraction of plants (PDF)m 2 year for ecosystem quality and 17.02 MJ surplus for resource depletion compared to those for magnetic ballast at 4.08×10 −6 DALY, 0.83 PDFm 2 year, and 3.53 MJ surplus, for their respective damage categories. For the use phase, magnetic ballast used more energy (135 kWh) than electronic ballast (45 kWh) and also registered more impact during the use phase with 3.57× 10 −5 DALY for human health, 3.25 PDF m 2 year for ecosystem quality, and 219.43 MJ surplus for resource depletion, compared to electronic ballast's 1.19×10 −5 DALY, 1.08 PDFm 2 year, and 73.14 MJ surplus for their respective damage categories.
This paper provides a brief enumeration of 22 species of plants and four species of fungi as wild edibles, and 13 species of plants that have been used for medicinal purposes by Dusun people of Kampung Pinolobu, Kadamaian, Kota Belud, Sabah. Seven informants were selected using snowball sampling technique, and data on edibles and medicinal plants were collected using semi structured interviews. This study reveals how Dusun people of Kampung Pinolobu used 13 species of medicinal plants to treat ailments and diseases like fever, high blood pressure, flatulence, rheumatism, cold, cough, and gastric pain. The flower of Carica papaya and fruit of Passiflora foetida are used for high blood pressure treatment, leaves of Manihot esculenta serve two purposes, as traditional vegetables and also consumed to avoid flatulence. Decoction made from the root of Ficus septica was given to women during postpartum recovery as they believed that it would help to keep the body warm, treat headache, and stomach pain. Paste made from leaves of Melastoma malabathricum is used to treat wounds. Meanwhile crushed leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, root decoction of Imperata cylindrica, sap from Calamus sp. are used to treat high fever, crushed leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also used to subside carbuncle. Decoction of young leaves of Psidium gujava and Leucosyke capitella are used to treat stomach pain. Meanwhile decoction of crushed tuber of Curcuma longa is used to treat gastric pain.
Penilaian Kitar Hayat (LCA) merupakan alat untuk menilai dan membanding impak alam sekitar oleh aktiviti manusia terhadap proses atau produk daripada awal hingga akhir hayatnya. Penggunaan sumber dan pembebasannya kepada alam sekitar berlaku pada pelbagai peringkat kitar hayat sesebuah produk daripada pengekstrakan bahan mentah, pemerolehan tenaga, penghasilan dan pembuatan, penggunaan, kitar semula dan pelupusan. Kesemuanya berpotensi menyumbang kepada perubahan iklim, penipisan lapisan ozon, pengasidan, eutrofikasi, bebanan ketoksikan terhadap kesihatan manusia dan ekosistem, pengurangan sumber, guna tanah dan sebagainya. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan memperkenalkan kerangka dan prosedur dalam melakukan kajian LCA, aplikasi, kelebihan dan pembatasan LCA untuk diaplikasikan ke dalam pengurusan alam sekitar dan pencegahan pencemaran. Kata kunci: Penilaian Kitar Hayat (LCA); pengurusan alam sekitar; pencegahan pencemaran Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool to measure and compare the environmental impacts by human activities of a process or product from cradle to grave. Resources consumption and emission to environment occur at many stages in a product’s life cycle from raw material extraction, energy acquisition, production and manufacturing, use, recycling until the disposal. These potentially contribute to climate change, ozone depletion, acidification, euthrophication, toxicological stress on human health and ecosystems, the depletion of resources, land use, and others. This paper introduces the LCA framework and procedure, applications, advantage and limitation of LCA as well as its application in environmental management and pollution prevention scenarios. Key words: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); environmental management; pollution prevention
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