Amendment in black pepper cultivation is crucial to level up the productivity of this crop. Implementation of geospatial technology on black pepper cultivation which also classified as small scale agricultural activity is seen to enhance their production. In this paper, we use a comprehensive study on journal papers, conference proceedings, formal web sites and books as fundamental sources of information. Firstly, the study review on black pepper current situation in Malaysia and related producer countries. Secondly, it focused on geospatial technology especially on remote sensing and crop growth monitoring that have been implemented and well established. Lastly, limitation to implement this technology on black pepper cultivation in Malaysia situation was discussed. Therefore, it is predicted that geospatial technology will enhance black pepper productivity and implementation of this technology on small scale cultivation requires consolidation from various agencies since it requires high investment and foundation.
Mapping of crop cultivation using remote sensing immensely facilitate crop management and prediction. The capability to provide informative data enables users to monitor and manage their crops with optimum expenditure. Hence, this study was purposed on black pepper farm to establish an informative map of black pepper farm (SF, TF) in Sungai Plan, Bintulu, Sarawak using Landsat 8 OLI time series and ground truth data. Images from Landsat 8 OLI were retrieved and images were classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM). Extraction of farmland elevations was produced using black pepper points collected and processed through ArcGIS 10.4 software. Black pepper growth was measured through the percentage of height and DBH developed throughout this study. It was identified in this study that; (1) mapping black pepper farm using Landsat 8 OLI and SVM provides overall accuracy >70% and Kappa Coefficient >60% and, (2) the optimum black pepper growth was observed at elevation range between 39m - 50m. This study demonstrated that detailed information on geography and black pepper growth can enhance black pepper productivity and management.
Implementation of remote sensing in agriculture helps to enhance crop growth monitoring especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. To enhance black pepper growth condition, a study was conducted at two study sites in Bintulu, Sarawak. Hence, this study aims (i) to construct a black pepper growth monitoring at different levels of elevation in Suka Farm (SF) and Taime Farm (TF); and (ii) to integrate limited ground data and NDVI time series from Landsat 8OLI for black pepper growth monitoring. Elevation maps were generated using Natural Neighbor (NN) based on the ground data analysed using ArcGIS 10.4 Software. Three elevation levels were classified into the lower, middle, and upper levels. Observational ground data and NDVI time series of Landsat 8 OLI were calculated using SAS 9.4 software. All parameters then correlating with the elevation levels using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Optimum growth of black pepper growth in SF and TF was identified at an elevation range between 39m–50m. The NDVI time series also indicated equivalent results as the ground data. This study proposed that the elevation of an area gives a significant impact on black pepper growth. Besides, the NDVI time series of Landsat 8 OLI was feasible for monitoring black pepper growth.
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