In this paper, a review on the structural and morphological of nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) fabricated on flexible conductive substrate, mainly indium tin oxide coated on polyethylene terephthalate (ITO/PET) via various fabrication method is reported. Besides fabrication method, the effect of fabrication condition such as immersion time of ZnO-ITO/PET via hydrothermal method, concentration of modification material of precursor solution via sol-gel method, value of applied cathodic voltage and value of current densities via electrochemical deposition are also discussed. XRD analysis showed that the growth of ZnO-ITO/PET are preferred on (002) or (101) planes. SEM analysis revealed various type of nanostructured ZnO when prepared by sol-gel, spin coating, HWT and hydrothermal method, highlighting ZnO nanorods as the main morphology of ZnO-ITO/PET. The diameter of ZnO nanorods ranges from 10 nm to 830 nm.
The modification and tailoring characteristic of nanostructured materials are of great interest due to controllable and unusual inherent properties in such materials. Cobalt-doped zinc oxide (Co:ZnO) thin films were prepared using the sol-gel technique with the spin coating method. The optical and physical properties of Co:ZnO films were tailored by the adjustment of Co concentration, which was realised by varying the ratio. The morphology and structure properties were characterised, and the effects of Co doping and post-annealing were investigated. Similar with undoped ZnO, the synthesised Co:ZnO films have a hexagonal wurtzite structure with the crystallinity deteriorated, and present high visible transparency with the absorption edge redshifted. Debye–Scherrer analysis of XRD pattern reveals an increase of the crystallite size with doping concentration. The bandgap, calculated using a Tauc Plot method, reveals a decrease in the absorption onset with an increase in the doping level.
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