Renewable energy is a kind of energy that comes from natural sources like water, sunlight, wind and so on. Water electrolysis is currently the most dominant technology used for hydrogen production from renewable sources because of high energy conversion efficiency. In this present work, the effect of NaHCO 3 via electrolysis was studied. Stainless steel is chosen to be as the electrode and different concentrations of NaHCO 3 are used as alkaline solutions in electrolysis system. The rates of hydrogen gas produced using different concentration of NaHCO 3 and pH value of every sample were measured. The experimental results that the performance of water electrolysis was highly affected by NaHCO 3 , the rate of hydrogen gas showed that 0.4 M of NaHCO 3 and 65 ml/min at pH 8.2 are the best amount.
Driving cycle is as representation of traffic behaviour in an area or city. It plays a fundamental role in the design of vehicles and to test the performance of the vehicles. This paper studies a driving cycle development method based on k-means clustering and driving cycle prediction based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) by Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The objectives of this paper are to develop a Kuala Terengganu Driving Cycle (KTDC) by using k-means clustering, to develop a prediction of future KTDC, and lastly to analyse the energy consumption and emissions of KTDC. Firstly, the driving data is collected in five different routes in Kuala Terengganu city at go-to-work times. Then the data is divided into micro-trips and the driving features are extracted. The features are used to develop a driving cycle using k-means clustering approach. The prediction is developed after the training of neural networks by using LSTM network approach. Finally, the energy consumption and emissions of KTDC is analysed by using AUTONOMIE software.
Driving cycle is commonly known as the relationship between speed and time of a vehicle. Major application of driving cycle is to aid vehicle manufacturers, traffic engineers and environment engineers regarding pollution and emission studies. To develop an accurate driving cycle, information on realtime based driving behaviour is important. This paper concentrates on three major phases: to model a conceptual design of driving cycle tracking device (DC-TRAD) for route-to-work driving cycle in Kuala Terengganu city (RTW DC in KT city) in MATLAB/Simulink environment; to develop a prototype of DC-TRAD for RTW DC in KT city; and to analyse the obtained results of conceptual design and prototype for DC-TRAD using RTW DC in KT city. This research validates the conceptual model and prototype of DC-TRAD on RTW DC in KT city and the results obtained in this research supports the idea of importance of driving cycle.
<span>Driving cycle is commonly known as a series of speed-time profile. Research on this discipline aids vehicle manufacturing industries in vehicle manufacturing, environmentalists to study on environment quality and profile in accordance to vehicle emissions besides traffic engineers to further investigate the behavior of drivers and the conditions of roads in a certain area or cluster. This also assists automotive industries to innovate energy efficient vehicles which reduce vehicle emissions and energy wastages which lead to air pollution in which a major threat for human health according to Goal 3 of united nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDG). To construct an accurate driving cycle, data based on real-world driving behavior is crucial and as the world is advancing in technology, the usage of internet of things (IoT) plays an important role in innovatietcons. IoT is an idea of computing every day physical object and information into computers, devices and software. These devices work by using sensors that transmit data to a computer or software allowing them to perform important tasks as needed. In this research, an idea of data collecting device, driving cycle tracking device (DC-TRAD) is constructed with implementation of IoT in which the collected data will be saved into my structured query language (MySQL) database instantly for data storing.</span>
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