Droughts adversely impact rural and urban communities, industry, primary production and, thus, a country's economy. Drought monitoring is directed to detecting the onset, persistence and severity of the drought. In this study, meteorological drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and deciles were assessed to investigate how well these indices reflect drought conditions in Victoria, Australia. The Theory of Runs was also used to identify the drought deficit. The study uses 55 years (1955–2010) of monthly precipitation and reference evapotranspiration data for five selected meteorological stations in Victoria, Australia. Results show that drought characterization using SPI and RDI provides a standardized classification of severity thus exhibiting advantages over deciles. As RDI considers both rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in calculations, it could be sensitive to climatic variability. For characterizing agricultural droughts, the application of the RDI is recommended. The use of the SPI was shown to be satisfactory for assessing and monitoring meteorological droughts. The SPI was also successful in detecting the onset and the end of historical droughts for the selected events.
One of the many utays in prepaing for drought is to carry out a drought nsk assessmettt by characterisation of the frequency, seaerity and duratisn of n drought. Therefore, the current study aimed at the deoelopment of sateity-duration-frequncy (SDF)
Urbanisation and population growth lead to increased water demand and might affect the water sources. Hence, it is important to manage it effectively. This paper reviews the use of Internet of Things (IoT) device in monitoring water system to conserve and manage the precious resources. The IoT technology is most synonymous with the latest wireless system for data acquisition for real-time monitoring surveillances. The real-time monitoring process involves large distribution of monitoring sensor and network such as computing, wireless sensor network and cloud computing. Traditionally, water quantity and quality reading has been labour intensive and subsequently an expensive process. By application of IoT, human involvement shall be minimized and most procedural decisions in a normal process will be made by algorithms. Developing user-friendly IoT tools will be an excellent contender in real time water monitoring solutions and lead to efficient management.
The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding on dual water supply system consisting of rainwater and groundwater. The pilot study of the designed system was carried out at the
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