No abstract

Drought and high temperature each damage rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops. Their effect during seed development and maturation on subsequent seed quality development was investigated in Japonica (cv. Gleva) and Indica (cv. Aeron 1) plants grown in controlled environments subjected to drought (irrigation ended) and/or brief high temperature (HT; 3 days at 40/30°C). Ending irrigation early in cv. Gleva (7 or 14 days after anthesis, DAA) resulted in earlier plant senescence, more rapid decline in seed moisture content, more rapid seed quality development initially, but substantial decline later in planta in the ability of seeds to germinate normally. Subsequent seed storage longevity amongst later harvests was greatest with no drought because with drought it declined from 16 or 22 DAA onwards in planta, 9 or 8 days after irrigation ended, respectively. Later drought (14 or 28 DAA) also reduced seed longevity at harvest maturity (42 DAA). Well-irrigated plants provided poorer longevity the earlier during seed development they were exposed to HT (greatest at anthesis and histodifferentiation; no effect during seed maturation). Combining drought and HT damaged seed quality more than each stress alone, and more so in the Japonica cv. Gleva than the Indica cv. Aeron 1. Overall, the earlier plant drought occurred the greater the damage to subsequent seed quality; seed quality was most vulnerable to damage from plant drought and HT at anthesis and histodifferentiation; and seed quality of the Indica rice was more resilient to damage from these stresses than the Japonica.

Tourist villages will need infrastructure that supports tourism activities such as places to eat, places to stay, rest areas, galleries, and so on, one of whose goals is to improve the living standards of local people. This causes the number of plant species to decrease. Plant conservation by utilizing local wisdom is one of the efforts to reduce the decline in the number of plant species. Balinese people need many types of plants to support their ceremonial activities. The application of Tri Hita Karana and Tri Mandala in the daily life of the Balinese people is expected to support plant conservation activities and support tourism activities and provide economic benefits in the Pinge traditional village. The concept of Tri Hita Karana derives from the concept of Tri Mandala which consists of the main mandala as a parahyangan or holy place, Madya mandala in the form of a yard which includes residential buildings and natah, while nista mandala yard in the form of the back house (teba) and the yard of the front house (telajakan). Traditional Balinese gardening uses the concept of Tri Mandala. The problems raised in this "community service program" are still unorganized placement of plants in the Tri Mandala area and the lack of availability of plants for landscape management following the Tri Hita Karana concept. To support the management of landscape plants following the tri hita karana concept, Warmadewa University in collaboration with the Unda Anyar Seedling Nursery Center, Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) assisted plant seeds in the form of Cempaka seeds, avocados, sandalwood, majegau, jackfruit, rejasa, sawo, and soursop. Conducting webinars on the topic of landscape plant management following the tri hita karana concept. Inviting the people of Pinge Village to actively participate in planting Tri Mandala following the concept of Tri Hita Karana.