Magnolia sp., also known as Michelia, are woody fragrant flowering plants that have been used in traditional medicinal purposes. This review covers past, curent and future potential studies of Magnolia species grown in Indonesia. There are 28 species and a hybrid of Magnolia that have been recognized and distributed in Indonesia. Conventional cultivation of Magnolia becomes very hard due to poor seed germination. It is caused by hard seed coat, short-lived seed, a fleshy red outer layer of seed called aeril. There are a few studies about in vitro culture and volatile compounds of Magnolia genus at the world literture. M. champaca, M. liliifera, and M. alba (hybrid) and others widely grow in Indonesia, yet the output of studies are anadequate about in vitro or ex vitro cultivation in Indonesia. This review compiles the works of Magnolia species carried out in the past and approaches for future breeding and production studies. These new approaches will significantly contribute to the economic production of the Magnolia species grown in Indonesia.
The study explore antibacterial potential of Indigofera zollingeriana, a popular medicinal and forage plant of the tropics. Methanol extracts of calli from hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf excised from in vitro-grown plants using different plant growth regulator and their combinations had significant reaction against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATTCC25923 and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC25823 bacteria. The best antibacterial activity was noted on the callus extracts of hypocotyl explants with significant inhibition zones on MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA. The P. aeruginosa had maximum inhibition on 0.5 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA. This antibacterial activity (by the hypocotyl induced calli extracts) was higher compared to the antibacterial activity noted from the extracts of other two explants and non treated control treatments. It was concluded that antibacterial activities were affected by explants source and plant growth regulators. The extracts from in vitro induced callus from hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants of I.zollingeriana could be used variably and effectively against both type of bacteria used in this study.
Latar Belakang: Kangkung hutan (Ipomea carnea Jacq) mengandung zat aktif berupa flavonoid, polifenol dan alkaloid, yang diduga memiliki kemampuan sebagai analgetik, antioksidan, antikanker, antimikroba, antiinflamasi dan penyembuh luka sayat. Belum banyak pemanfaatan tanaman kangkung hutan, sebagian besar hanya dibiarkan saja tumbuh di ladang atau area persawahan atau menjadi pakan ternak saja. Hal ini dirasa perlu dilakukan kajian literatur mengenai berbagai aktivitas farmakologi dari tanaman kangkung hutan, terlebih pada masa pandemi ini, aktivitas penelitian preklinis terbatas. Tujuan penelitian: Mengkaji aktivitas farmakologi Ipomea carnea Jacq berdasarkan kandungan fitokimianya. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan kajian literature review analisis deskriptif dari berbagai jurnal penelitian tunggal. Penelusuran artikel dilakukan dengan menggunakan database Researchgate, Scholars Research Library, Elsevier dan Juniper. Penelusuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci aktivitas farmakologi dan skrining fitokimia tanaman kangkung hutan menggunakan penghubung "dan/and" baik berbahasa Inggris maupun Indonesia. Penelusuran disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi kemudian diskrining berdasarkan judul dan abstrak untuk mengeliminasi artikel yang tidak sesuai. Hasil: Proses penyarian kangkung hutan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode maserasi, sokhletasi dan refluk. Penyari yang digunakan juga bervariasi, antara lain etanol, etil asetat, kloroform dan air, kemudian beberapa jurnal melakukan fraksinasi dari pelarut utamanya. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan sebagian besar adalah daun dan bunga, tetapi ada juga yang menggunakan akar untuk uji farmakologinya. Hasil skrining fitokimia dan uji kualitatif, tanaman kangkung hutan mengandung senyawa aktif flavonoid, senyawa fenolik, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, sterol dan alkaloid. Simpulan: Tanaman kangkung hutan memiliki beberapa aktivitas farmakologi yang direview dan bermanfaat bagi pemeliharaan kesehatan, antara lain sebagai penyembuh luka sayat, antimikroba, antiinflamasi, analgetik, antioksidan dan antikanker Kata Kunci: kangkung hutan, aktivitas farmakologi, literatur review
The species belonging to genus Indigofera with high nutritional value and tolerance against abiotic stresses are widely distributed in the tropics to the subtropic areas world over. In this study, two years old stored seeds of I. zollingeriana, a potential forage used in Indonesia, were evaluated for their tolerance to salinity stress. In the first step, the morphology and anatomy of I. zollingeriana seedlings under in vitro salinity stress level of 20-120 mM NaCl were investigated after 14 days. In the second step, the 3 days old seedlings were transferred to several concentrations of NaCl (140-300 mM) to estimate Ld50 (lethal dose). Several concentrations of gibberalic acid (GA3) were applied to the previous estimated Ld50 (228 mM NaCl) medium for alleviating seedlings damage. It was estimated that the increasing concentration of NaCl caused reduction in the evaluated plant growth parameters and changed anatomy of the root and stem cross sections. The 100% mortality of the seedlings was noted after4 weeks on the medium containing 300 mM NaCl. Treatment of seedlings with <0.25 mg L-1 GA3 +228 mM NaCl (Ld50) in the culture medium was effective to reduce root damage for 4 weeks. Treatment of seedlings with >2.5 mg L-1 GA3 + 228 mM NaCl (Ld50) showed adverse effects in controlling damage by necrosis and blackening of roots and stems.
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