The present study investigated the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer on a stagnation point past a stretching sheet in a blood-based Casson ferrofluid with Newtonian heating boundary conditions. The ferrite Fe3O4 and cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 ferroparticles suspended into Casson fluid represent by human blood to form blood-based Casson ferrofluid are numerically examined. The mathematical model for Casson ferrofluid which is in non-linear partial differential equations are first transformed to a more convenient form by similarity transformation approach then solved numerically by using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method. The characteristics and effects of the stretching parameter, the magnetic parameter, the Casson parameter and the ferroparticle volume fraction for Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 on the variation of surface temperature and the reduced skin friction coefficient are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the blood-based Casson ferrofluid provided up to 46% higher in temperature surface compared to blood-based fluid with the presence of magnetic effects.
This study presents a numerical investigation on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of a ferrofluid with Newtonian heating. The black oxide of iron, magnetite (Fe3O4) which acts as magnetic materials and water as a base fluid are considered. The two dimensional stagnation point flow of cold ferrofluid against a hot wall under the influence of the uniform magnetic field of strength is located some distance behind the stagnation point. The effect of magnetic and volume fraction on the velocity and temperature boundary layer profiles are obtained through the formulated governing equations. The governing equations which are in the form of dimensional non-linear partial differential equations are reduced to dimensionless non-linear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. Then, they are solved numerically by using the Keller-box method which is programmed in the Matlab software. It is found that the cold fluid moves towards the magnetic source that is close to the hot wall. Hence, leads to the better cooling rate and enhances the heat transfer rate. Meanwhile, an increase of the magnetite nanoparticles volume fraction, increases the ferrofluid capabilities in thermal conductivity and consequently enhances the heat transfer.
The present numerical solution is to theoretically investigate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection boundary layer flow and the heat transfer of ferrofluid near the lower stagnation point of a horizontal circular cylinder. The conventional heat transfer of fluids such as water and oil is inherently the poor heat transfer performance. Nanofluid which is formed by magnetic nanoparticles is known as ferrofluid and has shown a particular achievement when the effect of external magnetic is applied. For this purpose, ferrofluid that contains magnetite, Fe3O4 and water are considered. The dimensional governing equations are transformed by using non-dimensional variables and non-similar transformations to form nonlinear partial differential equations. The numerical solution using the implicit finite difference scheme namely Keller-box method is used to solve the nonlinear partial differential equations. Numerical results on velocity and temperature distributions as well as the quantity of interest of pertinent parameters such as magnetic parameter and the volume fraction of ferroparticles parameter are discussed. It is noticeable that the reduced Nusselt number of ferrofluid decreases through the increase of magnetic parameter strength.
Measurement and evaluation of students' achievement are an important aspect to make sure that student really understand the course content and monitor students' achievement level. Performance is not only reflected from the numbers of high achievers of the students, but also on quality of the grade obtained; does the grade 'A' truly reflective of a high achiever student. As part of quality improvement, standard setting for students' examination scoring should be set up for courses offered in the institutions. Setting the cut scores of the performance standard is important in making sure the performance is of expected standard. Commonly standard settings done through experts' judgement based on their knowledge and experience on the subject's matter and estimation made often too difficult and confusing for many. This paper discusses implementation of Objective Standard Setting (OSS) using Rasch measurement model in a Malaysian Institution of Higher Learning. This method gives an advantage for academic administrators to scientifically establish the standards or cut scores focusing on validity of the test being used and the Rasch measurement properties of the resultant scale.
This theoretical study deals with numerical solution of MHD convection laminar boundary layer flow and heat transfer on stagnation point along a stationary horizontal flat plate. For this purpose, ferrofluid which contains magnetite, Fe3O4 as a ferroparticles and water as a base fluid is considered. Ferrofluid has shown a particular achievement when the effect of external magnetic field applied, such as helping to control the properties of physical and flow of ferrofluid. The study starts with the formulation of the mathematical equations that governed the ferrofluid flow and heat transfer. The governing equation which is in the form of dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation and then solved numerically by using the Keller-box method. Numerical result is discussed in terms of pertinent effects that influence the ferrofluid flow and heat transfer like magnetic parameter, ferroparticles volume fraction parameter, Biot number and radiation parameter on velocity and temperature profiles. It is found that the temperature profile increase with an increase volume fraction of ferroparticles parameter, radiation parameter and Biot number and decrease with increasing magnetic parameter.
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