A major current problem in public health is the issue of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in humans and poultry. In Indonesia, multidrug-resistant E. coli are of specific concern since such E. coli may cause public health problems in humans. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant chicken E. coli strains and the E. coli resistance genes, which are tet(A) and tet(B) genes, were investigated in the present study. A total of 57 swabs were collected from layer and broiler breeder farms in West Java, Indonesia, and used in the experiment. Eighteen isolates were identified as E. coli by the disk diffusion method. The isolates classified as drug-resistant and intermediate were then identified using PCR for the antimicrobial resistance genes. The results showed that 18 isolates of E. coli from layerbreeder and broiler-breeder farms in West Java were resistant to ampicillin (100%), nalidixic acid (94%), tetracycline (88%), oxytetracycline (83%), gentamicin (27%), and chloramphenicol (22%). PCR identification of E. coli antimicrobial-resistant genes in 18 isolates showed tet(A) and tet(B) genes. This study reports antimicrobial resistance genes among E. coli on layer and broiler breeder farms in West Java. This present study showed that E. coli isolated from layers-breeder and broiler-breeder farms in West Java of Indonesia carried tet(A) and tet(B) genes, the multidrug-resistance genes.

This study was conducted to investigate the presence of shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the possibility of carrying rfbE gene and H7 flagellar on meat, liver, and stool samples collected from Jakarta Province of Indonesia. A total of 51 samples collected from meat, liver, and stool of slaughtered cattle from qurban festival were tested using conventional culture and multiplex PCR methods. STEC non O157 were detected in meat (5.3%) and stool (8.3%) with one isolate from stool carried H7 flagellar. However, all isolates were lacking of rfbE gene. In antimicrobial susceptibility tests, the STEC isolates showed antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and oxacillin. Overall, the result shows that meat and liver of this origin activity represents a potential risk to human health. Key words: STEC, multiplex PCR, meat, feces, antimicrobial ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi keberadaan Escherichia coli penghasil racun shiga (STEC) dan kemungkinan adanya gen rfbE dan flagella H7 pada strain yang ditemukan di dalam sampel daging, hati dan feses yang diisolasi dari provinsi Jakarta, Indonesia. Sejumlah 51 sampel dikoleksi dari daging, hati dan feses sapi yang dipotong pada hari raya kurban diuji menggunakan metode konvensional kultur dan multiplex PCR. Hasil studi menunjukkan STEC non-O157 terdeteksi di daging (5,3%) dan feses (8,3%) sapi dengan satu isolat terdeteksi membawa flagela H7. Akan tetapi, semua isolat tidak membawa gen rfbE. Sensitivitas bakteri terhadap berbagai antibiotik juga diuji dalam penelitian ini. Isolat STEC menunjukkan sifat resisten terhadap eritromisin dan oxacilin. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya potensi cemaran STEC pada daging dan hati hewan kurban dalam studi ini yang dapat mengancam kesehatan masyarakat.

Background: Food safety management systems such as ISO 22000:2018 have many advantages in solving this newcomer industry's problems. It has enabled the edible bird’s nest industry to plan, implement, operate, maintain, and update an FSMS providing edible bird’s nest products and safe services. Purpose: This review article delineates the role of the food safety management system (FSMS) in improving quality control, production performance, and economic effects in the edible bird’s nest industry. Method: This study was a literature review that collected  sources from books and journals. Results: Hence, the evaluation and assessment could be adequate to meet regulatory food safety requirements. FSMS possess division properties such as quality control, production, marketing, purchasing, general affair, human resources, warehouse, and maintenance. They also have veterinary control numbers and animals quarantine installation, enhancing the edible bird’s nest industry's overall quality control and production performance in Indonesia. Conclusion: The findings of the current review depicted the tremendous potential of cleaning development, which could be explored with the recent advancements in science and technology. The advantages of compelling communication of food safety issues from the FSMS ensure that the edible bird’s nest industry conforms to its stated food safety policy and relevant interested parties in fulfilling the trade requirements set by the export/importing destination country.

The objective was to investigate nitrite contents of edible bird’s nest product for human consumption. The investigated edible bird’s nest included 19 samples from multiple lots of commercially local products. Nitrite concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry. Nitrite was detected in low concentration (10.752±1.515 ppm). Detection of adulteration which is residue of hydrogen peroxide was conducted in the present study. Hydrogen peroxide was detected by rapid test which specific for hydrogen peroxide. From 19 sample tested, there was no residue of hydrogen peroxide contained in the products. These results provide new information for evaluating nitrite and hydrogen peroxide in local edible bird’s nest products regarding potential public health consequences.

The present study was conducted with the following aims: (i) To detect the multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from faeces, litter and drinking water in layers and broiler breeders' farms and (ii) to carried out the detection of the tet gene. A total of 21 Salmonella isolates were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay to determine the presence of tet gene. Out of 21 isolates, 14 (66.7%) and 7 (33.3%) were found positive for tet(A) and tet(B), respectively. In antimicrobial susceptibility tests, the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. It can be concluded that the high prevalence of the tet gene indicates a high potential of Salmonella isolates for horizontal transmission of tetracycline resistance genes.