Cyberbullying speech patterns among Indonesian studentsLanguage evidence is consulted in dealing with cyberbullying cases. Linguistic analysis is used to reveal the nature of speech and cyberbullying expressions that have legal implications. This study aimed to find the speech patterns used by students in cyberbullying, identify the features of insults in cyberbullying speech, and identify the legal implications of cyberbullying speech on social media. 504 speech data were collected from Facebook and Twitter from January to April 2020. They were all written in social media accounts of Indonesian high school students. The cyberbullying speech data was analyzed qualitatively using forensic linguistics analysis, i.e., analyzing the linguistic aspects of social media speech data with linguistic theory, particularly speech act theory. Results of the linguistic analysis were then linked to the legal implication of the social media speech. The analysis shows that four general patterns of cyberbullying speech are found, Head Act, Head Act - Supportive Move, Supportive Move - Head Act, and Supportive Move - Head Act - Supportive Move. In addition, three features of insults in cyberbullying are found: the use of pejorative words or phrases, the use of words or phrases with negative connotations, and the use of 'reply' or 'mention' features. The patterns of cyberbullying speech found in this study indicate that the insulting effects of different word or phrase formulation vary. However, they all may have legal implications, especially the violations of Law of Information and Electronic Transaction (UU ITE), particularly Article 27 Paragraph (3) regarding insults and defamation.Keywords: cyberbullying, social media, speech act, insults, forensic linguistics Pola tuturan perundungan siber (cyberbullying) di kalangan pelajar IndonesiaAlat bukti kebahasaan sangat diperlukan dalam penangangan kasus perundungan siber. Pembuktian tuturan perundungan siber dilakukan melalui hasil analisis linguistik yang mampu menunjukkan hakikat pertuturan dan ekspresi perundungan yang berimplikasi hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan pola tuturan yang digunakan oleh pelajar dalam melakukan perundungan siber, mengidentifikasi fitur ekpresi penghinaan yang terkandung dalam tuturan perundungan siber, dan mengidentifikasi implikasi hukum tuturan pada perundungan siber di media sosial. 504 data tuturan yang berasal Instagram dan Twitter diambil pada rentang waktu Januari hingga April 2020. Seluruh data tuturan tersebut ditulis oleh akun pelajar sekolah menengah di Indonesia. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi data tuturan perundungan siber dengan telaah linguistik forensik, yakni menganalisis aspek kebahasaan data tuturan media sosial dengan teori linguistik, khususnya teori tindak tutur. Hasil analisis linguistik kemudian dihubungkan dengan aspek implikasi hukum dari tuturan media sosial tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan empat pola umum tuturan perundungan siber, yaitu head act, head act - supportive move, supportive move - head act, dan supportive move - head act - supportive move. Selain itu ditemukan pula tiga fitur ekspresi penghinaan dalam tuturan perundungan siber, yaitu penggunaan kata atau frasa peyoratif, penggunaan kata atau frasa berkonotasi negatif, dan penggunaan fitur membalas (reply/mention). Pola tuturan perundungan siber yang telah ditemukan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan efek penghinaan yang ditimbulkan dari formulasi kata atau frasa, namun semua tuturan tersebut memiliki potensi implikasi hukum, khususnya pelanggaran UU ITE, utamanya pasal 27 ayat (3) tentang penghinaan dan pencemaran nama baik.Kata kunci: perundungan siber, media sosial, tindak tutur, penghinaan, linguistik forensik
This paper discusses the John Swales Conference Corpus (JSCC), which contains the lectures and discussion sessions from an applied linguistics conference held in 2006 at the University of Michigan. This corpus constitutes a useful resource in that it provides insights into the language of a narrowly defined academic community. Moreover, it spans the entire series of conference presentations rather than just snippets, so it licenses the investigation of inter-textual links, semiotic spanning, and related co-textual phenomena. After a brief outline of the properties of the JSCC and a review of the relevant literature, we present three exploratory case studies, with a particular focus on the discussion sections. First, some major phraseological differences between the presentations and the discussion sections are identified. The second case study, focusing on the chairs' utterances, uncovers a high degree of regularity, especially with regard to opening remarks, and the chairs' attempts to downplay the authoritative role that they have been assigned. The third case study rounds off our exploratory analyses of the JSCC with a closer examination of the different causes of laughter in the discussion sections, which underscore how the language of discussion sections in a specialized conference is heavily influenced by shared professional knowledge and personal relationships among the participants.
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