Konsumsi energi di Indonesia terus meningkat karena kebutuhan energi tidak sebanding dengan ketersediaannya. Selain itu, Indonesia juga dihadapkan pada permasalahan sampah organik yang belum dikelola dengan baik melalui sistem landfilling di TPA. Perlu upaya penanganan komprehensif dalam mengatasi sampah organik dan memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) berpotensi mengatasi masalah limbah organik dan kebutuhan energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah peran BSF dalam menguraikan masalah sampah organik dan potensinya dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan berupa biodiesel dan kitosan. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan melalui melalui kajian literatur artikel dan jurnal internasional yang diperoleh melalui penelusuran 3 pangkal data (Science Direct, DOAJ, dan Google Sholar) kemudian dilakukan penapisan artikel dan ekstraksi data potensi BSF sebagai sumber biodiesel dan kitosan.Berdasarkan telaah berbagai referensi,BSF mampu mendegradasi sampah organik hingga 56% selama fase hidupnya. Pupa BSF diketahui mengandung 35% lemak yang prospektif sebagai bahan baku biodiesel dengan kualitas sesuai standar Eropa EN 14214 dan SNI 7182:2015 serta dapat diterapkan pada mesin diesel dengan pelepasan emisi lebih rendah, pembakaran lebih lambat, rata-rata laju pelepasan panas (heat release rate) yang lebih tinggi, dan meningkatkan periode penundaan pengapian (ignition delay) daripada bahan bakar diesel. Selain itu, pupa BSF berpotensi sebagai kitosan dengan derajat deasetilisasi 75,98% sesuai standar Badan Standardisasi Nasional. Pemanfaatan BSF dalam menguraikan sampah dan pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber energi mendorong terealisasinya tujuan Sustainable Develompment Goals (SDGs).
Carica seeds (Carica pubescens), one of the diversification of coffee drinks, served as antioxidants. The roasting process generated degradation of secondary metabolic compounds but produced Maillard reactions products (MRPs). The study aimed to determine the effect of the roasting process on the antioxidant activity of Carica coffee beans and its correlation to the Maillard reaction. The samples roasting temperatures were 100–115, 150–165, and 200–215 °C. The samples were analyzed for proximate, total phenolic, antioxidant, and FTIR. The moisture and ash content of dry seeds were according to SNI 01-2907-2008. The total phenolic content was 3.21–8.99 µgGAE/g, with the highest contents at 200–215 °C. The antioxidant activity was 83–459.67 ppm AEAC. The high phenolic content and antioxidant at 200–215 °C were thought to come from MRPs compounds. The FTIR spectra showed stretching of OH, C=C (aromatic), C=N, C=O, and C-OH (phenol). The spectrum intensity weakened at higher temperatures. However, only the nC–H stretching at 200–215 °C became stronger. The Cluster Ward analysis showed resemblance spectra at roasting temperature levels of 100–115 and 150–165 °C. The roasting process affected the antioxidant activity of Carica coffee beans, thereby increasing the roasting temperature level. This condition resulted in higher levels of antioxidants.
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