This cross sectional record based institutional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan over ten years (1999-2008) aiming analysis of eclamptic mothers for evaluation of maternal and perinatal outcome with different anticonvulsant medications. Total 5991 pregnant mothers with eclampsia admitted in the inpatient department of the tertiary care teaching hospital were recruited for the study, irrespective of their previous antenatal check up history. Subjects with known seizure disorders were excluded from the study. The subjects were managed according to standard regimens (Menon, Ph-sodium, diazepam & magnesium sulphate) and results were documented in standardised format. Case fatality rate, mean induction delivery time & birth-weight, perinatal mortality rates were recorded. Study reveals that the incidence of eclampsia <20 years was 6.97% and majority (5.41%) came from rural areas. Eclampsia was noted primarily in primigravida (7.43%) and unbooked (6.41%) mothers. Ante partum eclampsia predominated (64%) and incidence of caesarean section was 22.25%.The overall case fatality rate was 6.05% and eclampsia contributed 27.85% of all maternal deaths during the last two years of the study period. The overall incidence of low birth weight baby was 26.96% and perinatal mortality was 30.33% (1411/4651).The incidence of perinatal mortality and low birth weight babies are lower in the last 4 years when compared to earlier studies. Proper socio-demographic assessment of pregnancy with eclampsia, planned delivery, shorter induction delivery interval, good control of convulsion by magnesium sulphate, intensive intranatal monitoring causes less maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i2.8437 BMRCB 2011; 37(2): 66-70

Introduction: Alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder, accompanied by neuropsychological deficits. Patients with alcohol dependence were evaluated to identify the cognitive dysfunctions. Method: The study followed descriptive design and recruited participants (N=62) from inpatient services of the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health by convenient sampling. Participants were evaluated with the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, Frontal Assessment Battery and PGI Memory Scale for the severity of alcohol dependence, executive impairments and memory dysfunctions respectively once they had completed alcohol detoxification. Results: Total duration of alcohol consumption was 13.93±8.74 years, period of dependence was 2.97±2.23 years and 56.5% had moderate level of dependence. 33.9% of the participants had executive impairments particularly in conceptualization, programming and mental flexibility. 38% of variance in executive dysfunction was explained by illness variables, where period of alcohol dependence and education were significant predictors. 54.8% had significant memory dysfunction particularly in visual retention, remote memory, verbal retention of dissimilar pairs and delayed recall. Memory dysfunction differed significantly among the age groups (F=10.22, p<0.01) and age was a significant predictor (β=.542, p<0.001). 19% variance in memory dysfunction was explained by illness variables, where duration of alcohol consumption was a significant predictor (β = .485, p<0.01). Conclusion: Findings indicate that cognitive dysfunctions are prevalent among patients with alcohol dependence. Hence, routine neuropsychological assessment is of particular importance for early detection and remediation of underlying deficits, which completes the treatment of alcohol dependence. Keywords: alcohol dependence: cognitive dysfunctions; executive functions; memory. | PubMed

Vision screening by certified medical assistants can help in detection and early referral of children having amblyogenic risk factors with high sensitivity. The HOTV test is the most effective one with high sensitivity and specificity. In developing countries like Nepal,where access to regular eye examination is a rare possibility, preschool vision screening using the HOTV test can be effective.

Maternal mortality over a period of a decade in an institutional setting exhibited induced septic abortion as the main cause of maternal death during the first five years of the study period (1997-2001). In the second five years of the study period (2002-2006) an alarming rise in infective hepatitis became the main cause of maternal death.

A total of 140 children had their vision assessed. Mean age was 13.9yrs (±2.8yrs SD). On screening, 28.5% children (n=40) had vision less than 6/9 in at least one eye. Seven children were already wearing myopic glasses, among which only 2 had vision 6/9 or better. Out of 40 children, 10% (n=4) had vision 6/9 or better and 90% (n=36) had refractive error. Out of these 36 children, myopia was present in all (100%).Hence prevalence of Myopia in total school population was 27% (n=38).All the children had simple Myopia from 0.5D-3.5D. After refractive correction, all the children had best corrected visual acuity of 6/9 or better. 86 % (n=120) children never had their eyes checked before. Conclusion The study showed high prevalence of myopia and was only ocular morbidity present in children. The result of this study can be a baseline in conducting large population based study in children from high mountains of Nepal.

Introduction: Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is

Background Studies on self-reported emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among adolescents are still sparse in many low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, no such studies have been performed on a larger scale, and little is known about self-reported EBPs in the adolescent population. Methods This cross-sectional, school-based study on EBPs included 1904 adolescents aged 11–18 years, enrolled in government and private schools located in 16 districts in Nepal. The Nepali version of the Youth Self Report form was used to assess self-reported EBPs, and the Teacher Report Form was used to assess academic performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for gender comparisons on adolescents’ EBPs and on academic competence. Multiple regression analysis was done to explore correlates of self-reported EBPs. Results The overall prevalence of self-reported EBPs was 14.2%; 15.6% in boys and 12.9% in girls. The mean Total Problems score was 39.27 (standard deviation = 24.16); no gender differences were observed. Boys scored higher on Externalizing Problems and girls scored higher on Internalizing Problems. The effect sizes for gender comparisons were small with Hedges’ g ranging from -0.29 to 0.28. Physical illness and negative/traumatic life events were positively correlated with self-reported EBPs, whereas academic performance was negatively correlated. However, the effect sizes were small (η2 < 0.02). Conclusion This study helps to narrow the knowledge gap on the prevalence, magnitude, and types of self-reported EBPs in Nepali adolescents. It demonstrated an association between self-reported EBPs and academic performance and linked self-reported EBPs to other factors such as negative/traumatic life events and physical illness. The findings might assist health authorities in the planning of mental health services and may also provide valuable background information to clinicians dealing with adolescent mental health problems.

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