Objective: The majority of the tumors in periampullary region are pancreatic and ampulla of Vater carcinomas. The aim of this study was to compare histopathological features of ampulla of Vater carcinomas with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and to determine diagnostic and predictive values of p16 protein and cyclin D1 expression. Material and Method:Tissue samples from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and ampulla of Vater carcinomas were obtained from 31 patients who underwent pancreticoduodenectomy for periampullary carcinoma. The study group was composed of 12 women and 19 men. Their median age was found to be 62.32 years (range 26-85 years). The parameters analyzed in the study included lymph node metastases, perineural invasion, differentiation, duodenal invasion, grade of intraepithelial neoplasia and p16 and cyclinD1 expression in tumoral and peritumoral pancreatic tissues.Results: in both tumor groups, the loss of p16 protein expression was significantly correlated with perineural invasion (p=0.0001). Perineural invasion was more frequent in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma group than the ampulla of Vater carcinoma group (p=0,01). When desmoplasia and lymphoplasmacytic stromal infiltration were examined, desmoplastic reaction was significantly higher in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas than ampulla of Vater carcinomas (p=0.01). no significant difference was observed between tumor groups for Cyclin D1 (p>0.05). Conclusion:The results suggest that loss of p16 protein expression may be a sign for poor prognosis in periampullary cancers that is correlated mainly with perineural invasion. Desmoplastic stromal reaction may be a distinctive feature for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma compared with ampulla of Vater carcinoma.

Sirenomelia, which is also known as mermaid syndrome and characterized by the fusion of the lower extremities, is the most severe form of caudal regression syndrome and one of the rare and lethal congenital malformations. The anomalies that might be seen in this syndrome include pelvic-sacral dysplasia, genital anomalies, bilateral pelvic renal fusion accompanied by renal dysplasia, colon atresia, unilateral umbilical artery, and imperforated anus. The incidence of sirenomelia is 0.8-1 cases in 60,000-100,000 deliveries and the male/female ratio is 2.7-3:1. The case reported in the present study was a 13-week-old male fetus 30 g in weight with a macerated appearance. The upper extremities had a relatively normal appearance but the lower extremities were conjoined and there was a single lower extremity consisting of conjoined feet and toes. In the face, the nasal bridge was sunken, the ears had a low position, and there were cleft palate and cleft lip. Examination of the external genital organs revealed that the penile part was in the anal region. There was no anus opening. The crown-rump length was 8.5cm, the heel-toe length was approx. 1cm, and the rump-heel length was approx. 3.7cm. There were none of the two kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra, or rectum. In the umbilical cord, there were 2 venous structures, one of which was the artery. Perivillous congestion and hyperemia, perivillous calcification, deciduitis, and focal infarct regions were observed in placental tissues. This report aims to discuss this very rare case together with the literature.

U l u s l a r a r a s ı H a k e m l i D e r g i I n t e r n a t i o n a l R e f e r e e d J o u r n a l 1 -A Y RI B A S I M -Y r d . Do ç . Dr . Öz c a n E r k a n A K GÜN -Ş i r i n K ÜÇ ÜK B a r ı ş Ç UK URB A Ş I -İ s ma i l T ONB UL OĞL U S ö z e l v e y a Gö r s e l B a s k ı n Öğ r e n me S t i l i n i B e l i r l e me Öl ç e ğ i T ü r k ç e F o r mu n u n Ge ç e r l i k v e Gü v e n i r l i k Ç a l ı ş ma s ı BARTIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ Validity and Reliability Study of the Visual versus Verbal Style of Processing Scale Turkish FormAbstract: Individual differences are very important to consider before choosing instructional methods and techniques properly. One of these differences is style of processing with visual versus verbal. Knowing individuals' style of processing can give us an opportunity to design more individualized teaching and learning processes, and also learning systems. But first we need an instrument to identify dominant style of processing. The aim of this study is to adapt Style of Processing (SOP) Scale developed by Childers, Houston and Heckler (1985) in to Turkish audiences. In order to accomplish this aim, we first translated original English items into Turkish by taking views of 9 experts. Additionally we took students views on translated Turkish items to confirm their meaning and clarity. After that we applied both English and Turkish forms of the scale on a group of people knowing English and Turkish very well that they could be assumed as bilinguals. Pearson correlation coefficient of two application calculated as 0.94, that shows a significant, positive and strong correlation. After completing the equivalency study we applied the scales on 240 teachers students. We used confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient, corrected item-total correlations, and t test to compare top %27 and down %27 groups' meanings differences. All of these analyses gave satisfactory results. According to these results it can be said that Turkish form of SOP Scale is a valid and a reliable instrument.We hope that the scale will be used in future scientific research, developing and implementing adaptive-assistive learning systems, and teaching-learning processes. Öğrenme stiliyle ilgili alan yazında birçok sınıflama bulunmaktadır. Keefe (1990) öğrenme stilini, öğrencinin karakteristiği aynı zamanda öğretme stratejisi olarak tanımlamıştır.Öğrenme stili, öğrenci karakteristiği çerçevesinde bir öğrencinin nasıl öğrendiğini ve nasıl Literatürde sözel öğrenme stilinin özellikleri şu şekilde ifade edilmektedir (Felder ve Silverman, 1988;Felder 1993Felder , 1996 Felder ve Solomon, 1998, Felder ve Henriques 1995: En çok yazılı ve sözlü uyaranları ve söylenenleri hatırlarlar. Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılan öğrenme stilleri ölçeğinin alt boyutlarından sözel ölçeğin 8 maddeden (1,4,6,7,9,15, 17, 21) ve görsel ölçeğin ise 8 maddeden (2,5,8,10,11,13,16, 22) olmak üzere toplam 16 maddeden oluştuğu görülmektedir (Şekil 1) (Ek-1). Madde Analizine Yönelik Bulgular:Ölç...

Background Involving pre-sampled patients with cholecystitis, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma, the present study aimed to compare the neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios, and plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) values and to determine their prognostic importance. Methods The present study involved 187 cholecystectomy specimens that were diagnosed as cholecystitis, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. Preoperative neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, NLR, MLR, and PLR ratios, and PCT, MPV, and PDW levels of the same patient groups were retrospectively recorded. Results In the present study, the cut-off values for dysplasia of NLR, PLR, and MLR were found as 1.61, 81.45, and .19, whereas those for cancer of NLR, PLR, and MLR were 2.65, 182.69, and .35, respectively. The NLR, PLR, and MLR values of the chronic cholecystitis and chronic calculous cholecystitis groups were statistically significantly lower than those of the chronic active calculous cholecystitis group ( P < .01). The NLR and MLR values of the non-cancer and non-dysplasia groups were statistically lower than those of the cancer and dysplasia groups ( P < .05). Conclusion According to the results of the present study, using additional imaging methods, acute-phase cholecystitis can be distinguished using preoperative neutrophil and monocyte counts, and NLR, PLR, and MLR cut-off values can be used to distinguish dysplasia, which is the antecedent of gallbladder cancer. It is thought that this might provide patients with an advantage in terms of early treatment and survival.

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