Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥ 70 undergoing decompressive surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) differ from those of younger patients (50–70 years) at 1 year. Methods Data were obtained from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine). Among 651 patients included, 177 (27.2%) were ≥ 70 years old. The primary outcome was change in the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Secondary outcomes were changes in the European Myelopathy Score (EMS), quality of life (EuroQoL EQ-5D), numeric rating scales (NRS) for headache, neck pain, and arm pain, and complications. Results Significant improvements in all patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) were detected for both age cohorts at 1 year. For the two age cohorts combined, there was a statistically significant improvement in the NDI score (mean 9.2, 95% CI 7.7 to 10.6, P < 0.001). There were no differences between age cohorts in mean change of NDI (− 8.9 vs. − 10.1, P = 0.48), EQ-5D (0.13 vs. 0.17, P = 0.37), or NRS pain scores, but elderly patients experienced a larger improvement in EMS (0.7 vs. 1.3, P = 0.02). A total of 74 patients (15.6%) in the younger cohort and 43 patients (24.3%) in the older cohort experienced complications or adverse effects within 3 months of surgery, mainly urinary and respiratory tract infections. Conclusion Surgery for DCM was associated with significant improvement across a wide range of PROMs for both younger and elderly patients. Surgery for DCM should not be denied based on age alone.
Study Design. Observational multicenter study.Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in pain during sexual activity after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Summary of Background Data. There are limited data available on sexual function in patients undergoing surgery for LSS. Methods. Data were retrieved from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery. The primary outcome was change in pain during sexual activity at 1 year, assessed by item number eight of the Oswestry disability index questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures included Oswestry Disability Index, EuroQol-5D, and numeric rating scale scores for back and leg pain. Results. Among the 12,954 patients included, 9908 (76.5%) completed 1-year follow-up. At baseline 9579 patients (73.9%) provided information about pain during sexual activity, whereas 7424 (74.9%) among those with complete follow-up completed this item. Preoperatively 2528 of 9579 patients (26.4%) reported a normal sex-life without pain compared with 4294 of 7424 patients (57.8%) at 1 year. Preoperatively 1007 (10.5%) patients reported that pain prevented any sex-life, compared with 393 patients (5.3%) at 1 year. At baseline 7051 of 9579 patients (73.6%) reported that sexual activity caused pain, and among these 3145 of 4768 responders (66%) reported an improvement at 1 year. A multivariable regression analysis showed that having a life partner, college education, and working until time of surgery were predictors of improvement in pain during sexual activity. Current tobacco smoking, pain duration >12 months, previous spine surgery, and complications occurring within 3 months were negative predictors. Conclusion. This study clearly demonstrates that a large proportion of patients undergoing surgery for LSS experienced an improvement in pain during sexual activity at 1 year.
We thank the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine). The registry receives funding from the University of Northern Norway and Norwegian health authorities. We thank all patients and spine surgeons who participate in NORspine registration.
Purpose To compare patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) following surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) versus those without rheumatic diseases. Methods Data were obtained from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery. The primary outcome was change in the Neck Disability Index (NDI) at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included the European Myelopathy Score (EMS), quality of life (EuroQoL-5D [EQ-5D]), numeric rating scales (NRS) for headache, neck pain, and arm pain, and complications. Results Among 905 participants operated between 2012 and 2018, 35 had RA or AS. There were significant improvements in all PROMs at 1 year and no statistically significant difference between the cohorts in mean change in NDI (− 0.64, 95% CI − 8.1 to 6.8, P = .372), EQ-5D (0.10, 95% CI − 0.04 to 0.24, P = .168), NRS neck pain (− 0.8, 95% CI − 2.0 to 0.4, P = .210), NRS arm pain (− 0.6, 95% CI − 1.9 to 0.7, P = .351), and NRS headache (− 0.5, 95% CI − 1.7 to 0.8, P = .460). Discussion and conclusion Our study adds to the limited available evidence that surgical treatment cannot only arrest further progression of myelopathy but also improve functional status, neurological outcomes, and quality of life in patients with rheumatic disease.
Study Design. Prospective pharmacoepidemiologic study. Objective. To investigate clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with persistent opioid use in the years following spine surgery among patients with persistent opioid use preceding lumbar spine surgery.Summary of Background Data. It is unknown whether successful spine surgery leads to a cessation of preoperative persistent opioid use. Materials and Methods. Data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Norwegian Prescription Database were linked for patients operated for degenerative lumbar spine disorders between 2007 and 2017. The primary outcome measure was persistent opioid use in the second year after surgery. Functional disability was measured with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Factors associated with persistent opioid use in the year before, and two years following, surgery were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The variables included in the analysis were selected based on their demonstrated role in prior studies. Results. The prevalence of persistent opioid use was 8.7% in the year before surgery. Approximately two-thirds of patients also met the criteria for persistent opioid use the second year after surgery. Among patients who did not meet the criteria for persistent opioid use the year before surgery, 991 (3.3%) patients developed persistent opioid use in the second year following surgery. The strongest association was exhibited by high doses of benzodiazepines in the year preceding surgery (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.19, P < 0.001). Among patients without persistent opioid use, the most influential factor associated with new-onset persistent opioid use in the second year after surgery was the use of high doses of benzodiazepines (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.44, P < 0.001), high doses of z-hypnotics (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.10 to 3.23, P < 0.001) and previous surgery at the same lumbar level (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.68, P = 0.003). Conclusion. A substantial proportion of patients reported sustained opioid use after surgery. Patients with persistent opioid use before surgery should be supported to taper off opioid treatment. Special efforts appear to be required to taper off opioid use in patients using high doses of benzodiazepines.
Study Design. Prospective pharmacoepidemiological study. Objective. To investigate the use of prescription opioids 2 years following degenerative lumbar spine surgery. Summary of Background Data. There are limited data providing details to evaluate patterns of opioid use. The number of patients is often limited and data on opioid use following some of the most common surgical procedures are lacking. Methods. Data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Norwegian Prescription Database were linked on an individual level. The primary outcome measure was persistent opioid use the second year after surgery. Functional disability was measured with the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Study participants were operated between 2007 and 2017. Results. Among 32,886 study participants, 2754 (8.4%) met criteria for persistent opioid use the second year after surgery.Among persistent opioid users in the second year after surgery, 64% met the criteria for persistent opioid use the year preceding surgery. Persistent opioid use the year preceding surgery (odds ratio [OR] 31.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 26.9-36.0, P ¼ 0.001), use of high doses of benzodiazepines (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.30-2.04, P ¼ 0.001), and use of high doses of z-hypnotics (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.58-2.22, P ¼ 0.001) the year before surgery were associated with increased risk of persistent opioid use the second year after surgery. A higher ODI score at 1 year was observed in persistent opioid users compared with non-persistent users (41.5 vs. 18.8 points) and there was a significant difference in ODI change (-13.7 points). Patients with persistent opioid use in the year preceding surgery were less likely to achieve a minimal clinically important ODI change at 1 year compared with non-persistent users (37.7% vs. 52.6%, P ¼ 0.001). Conclusion.Patients with or at risk of developing persistent opioid should be identified and provided counseling and support to taper off opioid treatment.
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