Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the association between the absence of keratinized mucosa and peri-implant tissue health. Methods and materials This cross-sectional study comprised 412 implants from 200 patients from faculty-based clinics. Demographic, medical, and clinical information were collected. The modified sulcus bleeding index, modified plaque index, mucosal recession, probing depth, bone level, the width of keratinized mucosa, and implant status were evaluated by three calibrated examiners. Each implant was categorized into either of two peri-implant mucosa groups: keratinized mucosa (KM) or non-keratinized mucosa (NKM). The chi-square test was performed to the association between the keratinized mucosa groups and peri-implant clinical parameters and peri-implant status. Multiple logistic regression models were analyzed to test potential associations between peri-implant clinical parameters and the presence or absence of keratinized mucosa. Results Thirty-two implants (7.8%) were categorized into the NKM group. The prevalence of peri-implantitis was 12.5% and 8.3% at the subject level and implant level, respectively. The NKM group was associated with more plaque accumulation, mucosal recession, interproximal bone level ≥ 3 mm, and peri-implantitis ( p < 0.05). After controlling for confounding factors, the NKM group demonstrated higher plaque accumulation, mucosal recession, and interproximal bone level ≥ 3 mm with adjusted odds ratios of 2.98 (1.33–6.66), 3.20 (95% CI, 1.03–9.90), and 4.62 (1.70–12.58), respectively. Conclusion Within the limitation of this study, the lack of keratinized mucosa around the dental implants was significantly associated with more plaque accumulation, mucosal recession, interproximal bone level ≥ 3 mm, and peri-implantitis.

Objective To investigate the association between periodontal status and peri‐implant diseases in patients with osseointegrated dental implants of different implant systems. Materials and methods This cross‐sectional study evaluated 200 consecutive implant patients using clinical and radiographic examinations during periodontal maintenance visits. The demographic data and treatment history were obtained from history taking and chart record review. The association between periodontal status and peri‐implant diseases was analyzed using chi‐square and logistic regression analysis. Results Patients with a history of chronic periodontitis had a significantly higher prevalence of peri‐implantitis compared with those without a history of periodontal disease (25% vs. 10.9%). The highest prevalence of peri‐implantitis was observed in patients with a history of severe chronic periodontitis. Data analysis revealed that peri‐implant health status was significantly associated with past periodontal status, maintenance status, and present periodontal status. However, multivariate analysis indicated that only a history of chronic periodontitis was significantly associated with peri‐implantitis (adjusted OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.14–5.70, p = 0.02). Conclusions Patients with a history of chronic periodontitis, especially those with severe periodontal disease had a 2.5‐fold increased risk of peri‐implantitis.

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