This qualitative study aimed to obtain a deeper understanding of what makes adult dentistry possible for child sexual abuse survivors. Sixteen adult informants were recruited from four Centres against Sexual Abuse and interviewed. Qualitative analysis of the transcribed interviews was conducted consecutively until thematic saturation was reached at 16 informants. A conceptual framework was generated, and informants' experiences of what makes dental treatment achievable were summed as the dentist working in a trauma-sensitive way, captured by the core category: Being considerate every step of the way. The underlying categories are: (i) offering a good start; (ii) being competent; (iii) being aware of the influence of staff behaviour; (iv) building a safe relationship; (v) arranging a secure treatment situation; and (vi) exploring individual triggers. The findings revealed that dental staff should have adequate competence to build secure relationships and explore individual triggers in dental treatment situations when treating child sexual abuse survivors. Dentists should have a trauma-sensitive approach to all patients. When treating child sexual abuse survivors, dentists should demonstrate utmost consideration every step of the way, building long-term solid relationships, and discussing and testing coping strategies individually adapted to the specific needs of the child sexual abuse survivors, in a safe environment.
Objective
The aim of this paper was to explore child sexually abused survivors' experiences of dental treatment in order to obtain a deeper understanding of them as dental patients.
Methods
Data were drawn from qualitative semi‐structured interviews with 16 adult informants recruited from four different Centres against Sexual Abuse in Norway. Data analysis was developed according to the principles of grounded theory suggested by Charmaz.
Results
A conceptual framework was generated, and a core concept was constructed from the informants' reports of their experiences of dental treatment: Preparing for attack and recovering from battle based on four main categories: (a) Expecting danger, (b) Battling anxiety, (c) Reliving abuse and (d) Struggling with the aftermath.
Conclusions
The analyses increase the understanding of how child sexual abuse survivors prepare before—battle during—and recover after dental treatment. This study revealed child sexual abuse survivors' experiences of extensive anxiety, triggered by sensory stimuli such as sensations, movement, muscles, touch, sight, sound, smell and taste, associated with dental procedures per se, but also sensory stimuli similar to previous traumatic experiences. The findings suggest that child sexual abuse survivors' dental anxiety is primarily trauma‐driven and possibly being one of the long‐term effects of child sexual abuse. This may be an important contribution to the understanding of CSA survivors and should affect the approach of clinicians treating dental patients with such a history.
This article presents the findings of a study on child–parent interaction during suspicion of child sexual abuse as seen from the children’s point of view. Study methods followed the principles of grounded theory approaches. Data were drawn from research interviews and child abuse assessment interviews with thirteen children referred to the child protection services because of suspected child sexual abuse. During analysis the core concept of Interactive Regulated Participation was constructed on the basis of the following main categories developed from the children’s narratives: conversations on suspicion, receiving information, contributing in decision-making, sharing feelings and thoughts, and engaging in conversations on meaning-making. These categories help us understand the difficult situation children find themselves in when a suspicion of child sexual abuse is raised, and help us explore and support child–parent interaction in this specific situation. Attention to variations in child–parent interaction may help professionals and parents to focus on children’s opportunities to talk about possible abuse as well as on the children’s situation in the midst of child sexual abuse allegations.
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