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The findings of this study indicate that students report a high level of subjective health complaints already at the age of 11 years. The reporting of most symptoms increases with age and more so for girls than for boys. The finding of two dimensions that differ qualitatively, suggests that these dimensions may have different etiologies.

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Perceived health is an important health predictor, and self-assessed health during adolescence is of great interest. This study examined the relationship between perceived negative health and body image in early and mid-adolescence, focusing on age and gender differences. Analyses were based on Norwegian data from a World Health Organization cross-national survey (Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children) among 5026 pupils aged 11, 13 and 15 years. The response rate was 76%. Stratified analyses with presentations of frequency and relative risk were performed, as well as logistic regression analyses. Girls are more likely to report negative health than boys are, and the probability of such reports increases with age. Girls and older age groups report dieting and dissatisfaction with weight and appearance more often than boys and younger age groups. Body dissatisfaction is associated with an increased risk of perceived negative health, also when controlling for the possible confounding effects of age and gender. The present 'ideals' of weight and appearance might contribute to an unfavourable perception of health in this age group.

The present study includes a Norwegian sample of 15-year-old students (N = 1,670) and is part of a World Health Organization cross-national survey, Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (Currie, 1998). The objective was to examine the relationship between school-related stress, leisure time physical activity, and adolescent health complaints. Physical activity was also examined as a moderating variable in the relationship between school-related stress and health complaints. The results showed that high levels of complaints were associated in a linear relationship with high levels of school-related stress and low levels of leisure time physical activity. Reports of complaints were more closely related to stress for adolescents with low levels of physical activity; thus, physical activity seems to moderate the relationship between school-related stress and health complaints.

The demonstrated relationship between sleep problems and school absence suggests that careful assessment of sleep is warranted when adolescents present with extensive school absence future studies on how the sleep-school absence relationship in adolescence may impact later work affiliation in adulthood are needed.

This review examined child sexual abuse in the Nordic countries focusing on prevalence rates and victims' age and relationship to the perpetrator. The results show a prevalence of child sexual abuse (broadly defined) between 3-23% for boys and 11-36% for girls. The prevalence rates for contact abuse were 1-12% for boys and 6-30% for girls, while 0.3-6.8% of the boys and 1.1-13.5% of the girls reported penetrating abuse. The findings suggest an increased risk of abuse from early adolescence. In adolescence, peers may constitute the largest group of perpetrators. The results highlight the need for preventive efforts also targeting peer abuse. Future research should include cross-national and repeated studies using comparable methodology.

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