Objective:Collaborative Problem Solving Empirical Progressions from the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC21S) framework were used to determine the level of collaborative problem solving skills (CPS) in first, second and third year MBBS students at Ziauddin College of Medicine during Problem-Based Learning (PBL) sessions. Variations based on gender and roles were studied.Methods:It is an analytical comparative cross-sectional study in which seven PBL groups were selected per year by non-probability convenient sampling. Data was collected using the Collaborative Problem Solving Five Strands Empirical Progressions by the primary investigator through observation of the students during PBL sessions. Duration of study was six months.Results:We found that in our students, development of social dimension skills is facilitated to a greater extent than the development of cognitive dimension skills through the process of PBL. These skills are generally better developed in the leader compared to the scribe and members in a group. They are also more developed in females compared to males. Modification in them is also observed as the year's progress.Conclusion:Although PBLs facilitate development of CPS skills' progression however in our curriculum, PBLs mainly focus on social skills development and have less emphasis on cognitive skill development. Thus, hybrid instructional strategies with components from TBL and mentorship are recommended for better development of CPS skills.
Objective: To compare the predominant relationship/attachment styles of final year female medical students of a Pakistani medical college with their intended primary care and non-primary care post-graduate speciality preferences. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences for Girls, Karachi, from Feb to Apr 2019. Methodology: Final year MBBS students were included in the study. Students were asked to complete a validated relationship scales questionnaire to determine the dominant relationship/attachment style. Students were also asked to identify their intended first choice for post-graduate specialization from a list of 28 primary care and non-primary care post-graduate specialities. Results: Out of 113 female students, 48 (43%) were found to have a predominantly dismissing relationship style (among four variants of relationship styles). Out of 95 (84%) students opted for a non-primary care speciality for pursuing post-graduation, out of which 37 (33%) students chose Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Comparison of participant’s relationship styles with postgraduate speciality showed no significant difference (p-value=0.40). Conclusion: Medical students should be provided adequate and timely exposure to various specialities available for postgraduation (primary and non-primary care specialities) and should be guided appropriately to help them make informed career choices.
The research paradigm of this enquiry is post positivism. It reflects a deterministic philosophy in which causes probably determine effects or outcome. The knowledge that develops through a post positivist lens is based on careful observation and measurement of objective reality that exist “out there” in the world. Thus, developing numeric measures of observations and studying the behavior of individual become paramount for a post positivist, close ended question are used in research. This method of inquiry may be carried out in, test or verifies theories or explanation, identifies variable to study, relates variable in question, observe and measures information in numbers. Setting and duration of study: This observational study was conducted at Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Balochistan, from 1st March 2017 to 30 March 2018. Result: The results were concluded from a total of 200 candidates from different medical universities that became part of the study. In the earlier section of the results, descriptive statistics were presented. The three main determinants of the study were activist, reflector, the rest where the mean values were illustrated as 6.82, 8.04, and 7.47 respectively the highest number of candidates were 35 in total with percentage as 17.5%. This was followed by 33 individuals that accounted for 16.5%.
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