Despite the availability of various antidiabetic drugs, diabetes mellitus (DM) remains one of the world’s most prevalent chronic diseases and is a global burden. Hyperglycaemia, a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), substantially leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering oxidative stress as well as numerous cellular and molecular modifications such as mitochondrial dysfunction affecting normal physiological functions in the body. In mitochondrial-mediated processes, oxidative pathways play an important role, although the responsible molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The impaired mitochondrial function is evidenced by insulin insensitivity in various cell types. In addition, the roles of master antioxidant pathway nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response elements (ARE) are being deciphered to explain various molecular pathways involved in diabetes. Dietary factors are known to influence diabetes, and many natural dietary factors have been studied to improve diabetes. Honey is primarily rich in carbohydrates and is also abundant in flavonoids and phenolic acids; thus, it is a promising therapeutic antioxidant for various disorders. Various research has indicated that honey has strong wound-healing properties and has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral effects; thus, it is a promising antidiabetic agent. The potential antidiabetic mechanisms of honey were proposed based on its major constituents. This review focuses on the various prospects of using honey as an antidiabetic agent and the potential insights.
A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted from person to person, has quickly emerged as the pandemic responsible for the current global health crisis. This infection has been declared a global pandemic, resulting in a concerning number of deaths as well as complications post-infection, primarily among vulnerable groups particularly older people and those with multiple comorbidities. In this article, we review the most recent research on the role of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits (DPFs) to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. The mechanisms underlying this preventive or therapeutic effect are also discussed in terms of bioactivity potentials in date palm, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hemolytic potential, as well as prospect against COVID-19 disease and the potential product development. Therefore, it can be concluded that regular consumption of DPFs may be associated with a lower risk of some chronic diseases. Indeed, DPFs have been widely used in folk medicine since ancient times to treat a variety of health conditions, demonstrating the importance of DPFs as a nutraceutical and source of functional nourishment. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the majority of the research on DPFs in terms of nutrient content and biologically active components such as phenolic compounds, with an emphasis on their roles in improving overall health as well as the potential product development to ensure consumers’ satisfaction in a current pandemic situation. In conclusion, DPFs can be given to COVID-19 patients as a safe and effective add-on medication or supplement in addition to routine treatments.
Introduction: Kainic acid (KA) has been widely used to study the mechanism of excitotoxicityinduced neurodegeneration and to investigate neurodegenerative therapeutic intervention. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Tualang honey-mediated silver nanoparticles (THSN) against oxidative stress in the hippocampus of KA-induced rats. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 72) were randomized into six groups: i) control, ii) THSN 10 mg, iii) THSN 50 mg, iv) KA only, v) THSN 10 mg + KA, and vi) THSN 50 mg + KA. The animals were administered distilled water or THSN (10 or 50 mg/kg), according to their respective groups, five times at 12 h intervals before being injected subcutaneously with saline or KA (15 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed after 24 h and 5 days of KA induction. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total nitrate/nitrite (NOx), protein carbonyl (PCO), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), and catalase (CAT) activity in the hippocampal tissue were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: THSN pre-treatments significantly improved oxidative status in the hippocampus by decreasing the MDA, NOx, and PCO levels while increasing the levels of GSH, TAS, and CAT activity. Conclusion: THSN attenuated the KA-induced oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus through its antioxidant effects.
seizure was recorded. After 24 hours and five days of KA induction, an open field test (OFT) and a novel object recognition test (NORT) were performed before they were sacrificed. Results: THSN pre-treatment of KA-induced status epilepticus groups demonstrated an increment in latencies to the onset of the first generalized seizure and the number of line crossings in OFT, with a higher recognition index of NORT compared to the untreated KA-induced status epilepticus group. Conclusion: THSN could have neuroprotective effects in ameliorating seizures, locomotor activity, and memory function after KA-induced status epilepticus in male rats.
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