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The occurrence pattern of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in cancer treatment remains unclear. Materials and Methods Phase II-III clinical trials that evaluated ICI-based treatments in cancer and were published between January 2007 and December 2019 were retrieved from public electronic databases. The pooled median time to onset (PMT-O), resolution (PMT-R), and immune-modulation resolution (PMT-IMR) of irAEs were generated using the metamedian package of R software. Results Twenty-two eligible studies involving 23 clinical trials and 8,436 patients were included. The PMT-O of all-grade irAEs ranged from 2.2 to 14.8 weeks, with the longest in renal events. The PMT-O of grade ≥ 3 irAEs was significantly longer than that of all-grade irAEs induced by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors (27.5 vs. 8.4 weeks; p < 0.001) and treatment of nivolumab (NIV) plus ipilimumab (IPI) (7.9 vs. 6.0 weeks; p < 0.001). The PMT-R of all-grade irAEs ranged from 0.1 to 54.3 weeks, with the shortest and longest in hypersensitivity/infusion reaction and endocrine events, respectively. The PMT-IMR of grade ≥ 3 irAEs was significantly shorter than that of all-grade irAEs caused by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (6.9 vs. 40.6 weeks; p = 0.002) and NIV+IPI treatment (3.1 vs. 5.9 weeks; p = 0.031). Conclusion This study revealed the general and specific occurrence pattern of ICI-induced irAEs in pancancers, which was deemed to aid the comprehensive understanding, timely detection, and effective management of ICI-induced irAEs.

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Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) is a potential new material for effective heavy metal adsorption, but the high manufacturing costs and difficult reusability have restricted its large-scale application. Herein, we report a green and facile strategy to prepare amorphous and hierarchically structured CSH-based nanocomposites from steel slag for heavy metal removal. The obtained flowerlike CSH-based materials showed fast adsorption rates and superior adsorption capacities for all employed heavy metal ions (Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II)), with maximum adsorption capacities of approximately 244, 273, and 508 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were all well fitted to the pseudo-secondorder model, and the adsorption equilibrium fitted the Langmuir model. The excellent adsorption performance could be attributed to the release of Ca 2+ and OH − from the CSH nanosheets. Moreover, as a case study, the obtained CSH−Cu(II) after absorption can be converted and reused as an photocatalyst by simply heating at 300 °C, which shows an excellent degradation efficiency of ∼90% for methylene blue within 150 min under simulated sunlight irradiation. This work lays the foundation for the development of an environmentally friendly route of "solid waste → adsorbent → catalyst", which will be of great significance for solid waste utilization as well as water purification.

Background - The prognosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients has improved remarkably in recent decades with guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). Left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) is one of the major therapeutic goals. Whether myocardial fibrosis or inflammation would reverse associated with LVRR remains unknown. Methods - A total of 157 prospectively enrolled DCM patients underwent baseline and follow-up CMR examinations with a median interval of 13.7 months (interquartile range: 12.2-18.5 months). LVRR was defined as an absolute increase in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of >10% to the final value of ≥ 35% and a relative decrease in LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) of >10%. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-test and student t-test, logistic regression analysis, and linear regression analysis. Results - Forty-eight (31%) patients reached LVRR. At baseline, younger age, worse NYHA class, new-onset heart failure, lower LVEF, absence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), lower myocardial T2, and extracellular volume (ECV) were significant predictors of LVRR. During the follow-up, patients with and without LVRR both showed a significant decrease of myocardial native T1 (LVRR: [baseline]1303.0±43.6ms; [follow-up]1244.7±51.8ms; without LVRR: [baseline]1308.5±80.5ms; [follow-up]1287.6±74.9ms, both p < 0.001), matrix and cellular volumes while no significant difference was observed in T2 or ECV values after treatment. Conclusions - In idiopathic DCM patients, the absence of LGE, lower T2, and ECV values at baseline are significant predictors of LVRR. The myocardial T1, matrix, and cell volume decrease significantly in patients with LVRR after GDMT.

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Phosphorus as an essential nutrient for crops is widely applied in agriculture by a chemical phosphorus fertilizer (CPF), while, globally, phosphate rocks available for CPF production are limited and rapidly being depleted. Moreover, the low phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of CPF entailing severely environmental burdens such as eutrophication is persistently addressed in agronomic pollution protection. Mimicking nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based drug delivery systems to deliver P nutrient to plants and adopting alternative precursors to synthesize HAP can promisingly reconcile these problems. Here an alkali-enhanced hydrothermal process with biomass added is developed to achieve the synthesis of HAP-based nanostructured P fertilizer (NPF) translated from refractory calcium phosphate, that is, calcium hydrogen phosphate (CHP) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP), via controlling the associated dissolution–precipitation processes for HAP nanocrystals self-assembly. Optimal conditions of this process are explored to synthesize the desirable NPF with uniform size, clear grain boundary, and efficient substitution of PO4 3– by CO3 2– in the HAP nanocrystals. The different supply rates of Ca2+ and PO4 3– from refractory calcium phosphate dissolution–precipitation govern HAP nanocrystals to be self-assembled with a rod-like and a hexagonal morphology in the CHP-derived and CPP-derived NPF, respectively. Plant cultivation tests of the NPF indicate an increased PUE for the CHP-derived NPF (45.87%) and CPP-derived NPF (46.21%), compared to that of the CPF (23.44%). Mass balance analysis of P applied with the NPF demonstrates an efficient delivery of HAP nanoparticles to root zones of the plant, showing the great potential of the synthesized NPF as an alternative to a traditional CPF.