A growing body of work has been devoted to studying the smartphone addiction in youths and its impact on their lives, but less is known about the predictors and effects of youth habitual use of smartphones. Guided by social cognitive theory, this study investigates how habitual smartphone use affects sleep quality and everyday memory based on a nationally representative sample of Chinese students (N = 2298). It uses a cluster-randomized sampling with stratification of different areas, consisting of both urban and rural students aged 6–18 years from elementary, middle, and high schools across China. It found that Chinese students exhibited a habitual smartphone use, who were generally confident in using mobile devices, but few had smartphone addiction. Significant gender and age differences were identified concerning the habitual use of smartphone. Specifically, boys demonstrated higher levels of habitual use and smartphone self-efficacy than the girls. High school students showed the highest level of habitual smartphone use compared to those in elementary and middle schools. Smartphone use duration, frequency, and self-efficacy predicted the habitual use, which also led to poorer sleep quality and worse memory outcomes. Prebedtime exposure moderated the relationship between habitual smartphone uses and sleep quality. The results show that students’ habitual smartphone use had a significant impact on their health, cognition and more, even when they exhibited little smartphone addiction. The findings contribute to a better understanding of smartphone impact on school-age youths.

Continuous development and advancement in modern detection technologies have increased the demand for multiband (e.g., visual and infrared) compatible camouflage. However, challenges exist in the requirements of incompatible structure resulting from the adaptation to different camouflage effects. This study is inspired by the light absorption structure of butterfly wing scales and demonstrates a porous anodic alumina/aluminum flake powder material prepared by a microscopic powder anodic oxidation technique for visual and infrared camouflage. The fabricated structures manipulate a compromise condition for visual camouflage by low reflectance (R̅ 400-800nm = 0.32) and dual-band infrared camouflage by low emission (ε ̅ 3-5μm = 0.081 and ε ̅ 8-14μm = 0.085). Further, the characteristic of short-range disorder in these bioinspired structures allows maintenance of the camouflage performance under omnidirectional detection (0−60°). This study provides new insight and a feasible method for coordinated manipulation of electromagnetic waves via bioinspired structural design and improved fabrication.

Development of next generation photocatalysts has consistently learnt from natural nanostructures evolution for their fabrication and application in persistent organic pollutants (POPs) elimination. Herein, we synthesized blue-colored oxygen vacant Bi2WO6-x...

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