Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of transforming growth factor β (TGF- β). Recent studies have shown that the serum level of GDF-15 increased and was associated with the occurrence and progression of the many diseases. However, the effect of GDF15 variants on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is still unclear. The study was to explore the effect of GDF15 rs 1058587 on the susceptibility to ESRD and mortality risk of ESRD. Methods A total of 296 ESRD patients and 300 healthy individuals were enrolled. All the patients were followed-up for 3 years. The genotype of GDF-15 rs 1058587 was determined PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The baseline serum GDF-15 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The frequency of G gene in ESRD patients was higher in ESRD patients than in controls (30.14% vs. 25.17%, P =0.027). The patients with CG/GG genotype had higher mortality risk in the dominant model (CG+GG vs. CC, OR= 1.708, 95% CI: 1.288 - 2.461, P = 1.00×10 -3 ). Multivariate analysis showed that age > 60 years, total cholesterol > 6 mmol/L, and genotype GG were independent risk factors for mortality in patients with ESRD (P <0.05), and survival analysis informed us that the three-year overall survival of patients with GG genotype was significantly lower than other genotype patients. Conclusions The G allele or CG/GG genotype of GDF15 was associated with higher susceptible risk of ESRD and the genotype GG was an independent risk factor for overall mortality in patients with ESRD.
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