The behaviour of 137Cs from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in the Ukraine on 26 April 1986 was monitored during a 3-year period in the canopy of a young Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) stand in southern Finland. Needle samples were collected from the same whorls on 13 sample trees marked at the beginning of the study. The 137Cs activity of throughfall water was determined in summer 1986. The oldest needles at the time of the radioactive deposition (formed in 1983) had the highest l37Cs activity (20 000 Bq/kg) in June 1986, when the monitoring was started, 58 days after deposition. About 50% lower 137Cs activity was observed in the needles formed in 1984 and 1985, and an even lower activity of 3050 Bq/kg in the needles formed in 1986 following the incident. During the summer of 1986, the 137Cs activity of the whole canopy decreased from 106 000 to 42 500 kBq/ha, corresponding to a weathering half-life of 72 days. Washout by throughfall accounted for 79% of the decrease, while the rest was mainly due to the gradual shedding of the highly contaminated 1983 needles. The needles formed in the summers of 1987 and 1988 had rather high 137Cs activities of 2700 and 4800 Bq/kg, respectively. The reduction in the 137Cs activity of the canopy was considerably less in 1987 and 1988, with weathering half-lives of 435 and 242 days, respectively. The total 137Cs activity of the canopy was still 13 500 kBq/ha on 20 October 1988, which was 896 days after deposition. An increase in the 137Cs activity was observed in the autumns 1987 and 1988, and to a lesser degree in the autumn of 1986, a time of year when needle potassium concentrations normally tend to increase. It was concluded that the Chernobyl 137Cs had become mixed with the chemically analogous K, and was recirculated within the trees together with K.
Purpose – Finnish libraries are using different integrated library systems. Higher education libraries funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture are using the same ILS in three different installations on the same hardware. Special and public libraries are using several different systems. Many of these library systems are reaching their end-of-life phase. During the spring and summer of 2011 all the Finnish library sectors together with the National Library of Finland formed a joint committee in order to assess the feasibility of a library system entirety, possibly an open source solution that would suit the needs of all the different types of libraries. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the planning for the acquisition of a new library system initiated in year 2012; the concept is to try to establish a joint system with common databases for all the libraries in all sectors willing to collaborate in this effort. Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the evolution of the Finnish library systems and evaluates the methods used in the planning of the new library automation system. Findings – The broad model of group working was useful in policy making and committing the libraries to the joint project. Using social web-technologies were efficient in project communication and marketing. This type of semi-professional planning was not able to produce accurate specification for programming thus a need for follow-up project became evident. Research limitations/implications – The paper is based on Finnish experiences. Social implications – The paper presents a case about the usage of group working in the planning of a library automation system with an evaluation of the possibilities and restraints on this type of approach. Originality/value – The paper provides an analysis on the usability of broad group working type of approach to the policy making and planning of library automation systems.
Vuoden 2020 IFLAn WLIC-konferenssi piti järjestää Dublinissa, mutta pandemian vuoksi sitä siirrettiin kahteen kertaan. Ennenpandemiaa vuosina 2017–2019 konferensseissa on ollut noin 3 500 osallistujaa. Dublinissa osallistujamäärä oli noin 2 000henkilöä. Pudotus edellisistä on merkittävä, mutta silti osallistujien määrä yllätti järjestäjät positiivisesti.
Kun päätös Koha-kirjastojärjestelmän valinnasta syntyi, tärkeä valintakriteeri oli se, että avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmiston nähtiin soveltuvan parhaiten modulaariseen järjestelmäkehitykseen. Koha-kirjastot katsoivat, että kirjastot ja kirjastoteknologia ovat kypsiä aidosti modulaarisen teknisen ympäristön rakentamiseen. Koha-järjestelmän käyttöönottoa korkeakouluissa auttoi yleisissä kirjastoissa aiemmin tehty työ. Tiivis yhteistyö ja yhdessä tekeminen on kehittämisen avain jatkossakin, niin kansallisesti kuin kansainvälisesti. Tulevaisuuden suuria kehityskohteita ovat e-aineistojen hallintaan (ERM) ja kuvailuun liittyvät ratkaisut.
Kirjaston johtaja emerita Arja-Riitta Haarala kuoli 19. lokakuuta 2020 Tampereella. Hän oli syntynyt Punkalaitumella27. toukokuuta 1943.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.