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Introduction: The objectives of this work consisted of a phytochemical study of the leaves and pulp of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam collected from the flooded and dried sites of Niono and Sévaré in Mali and to evaluate the biological activities of the extracts, i.e. the antiradical activity and hemolytic activity. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and biological activities were performed at the plant biochemistry and biotechnology laboratory of the FST / USTTB. The tannins and flavonoids were extracted by maceration, dosed by spectrophotometry then analyzed by HPLC and their antiradical activity was evaluated by the DPPH method. The saponosides were extracted by decoction and their hemolytic activity was evaluated on beef blood. Results: Tannins and flavonoids were abundant in the leaves and the pulp but saponosides were absent in the pulp. Calcium ions, carbonate ions and chloride ions were abundant in the leaves and pulp of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam from the dried site of Niono and the flooded site of Sévaré. HPLC chromatograms showed two peaks of gallic acid in the tannins extracts. Catechical tannins and flavonoids of the flooded sites have a greater antiradical activity than those of the dried sites. However, their antiradical activity remains lower than that of ascorbic acid whose IC50 was measured at 30 μg. Leaf saponosides from the flooded site of Niono and the dried site of Sévaré showed hemolytic activity on red blood cells of beef. Conclusion: The leaves and pulps of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam were rich in phenolic compounds and have interesting antiradical activity. The saponosides extracted from the leaves showed hemolytic activity.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the in vitro antibacterial effects of extracts from four wild food fruits: Balanites aegyptiaca, Saba senegalensis, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Raphia sudanica. Place and Duration of Study: The samples of plant material were collected at Banamba and Sikasso, Mali between January and May 2018. The bacterial strains were collected at Research Centre for Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN), University Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The experimental parts were also carried out at CRSBAN from October 2019 to January 2020. Methodology: The fruit extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, S. aureus, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes strains. The diameters of the inhibition zones (ID), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were evaluated using agar diffusion method. Results: The findings revealed that these parameters have varied as a function of fruit species and/or their zones of provenances. All fruit extracts showed significant growth reducing effect against all the tested bacteria. The extracts from R. sudanica have exhibited the strongest growth-inhibiting activity specifically against E. coli (ID = 15.33±0.58 mm) and Salmonella typhi (ID = 18.00±1.00 mm) with lower MIC (from 2.08±1.44 to 5.83±1.44 mg/mL). Moreover, the MBC/MIC ratios revealed that the extracts from the studied fruits possess mainly bacteriostatic effects towards the tested strains. Conclusion: These findings support local therapeutics properties attributed to these fruits. They also demonstrate that, in addition to their nutritional values, these edible fruits could be used for developing antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and food poisoning.

During this work, phytochemical analyzes were carried out on the powder of the leaves of Stylosanthes erecta P. Beauv., as well as qualitative analyzes by thin layer chromatography(TLC) and evaluations. The antifungal and the antibacterial activities of the aqueous extracts were made respectively by the diffusion method and by the dilution method.The TLC revealed the spots including gallic tannins, catechism tannins and flavonoids.The antifungal activity against Candida albicans is proportional to the increase in the concentration of the extracts of total tannins. Concentrations of 1000 µg/mL and 1500 µg/mL showed complete inhibition of fungal density. Maceration extracts have more antifungal activity than decoction ones. As for the antibacterial activity, Streptococcus ss and N. gonorrhea were more sensitive to thecrude and tannin extracts than flavonoids ones. The largest inhibition diameters were 15 ± 0.05 mm and 16 ± 0.04 mm on clinical strains. S. typhi was more sensitive to flavonoid extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration was around 0.5 mg / mL on E. coli, S. typhi, Streptococcus and N. gonorrhea.

Carapa procera, plante oléagineuse, est utilisée par les populations pour les soins cosmétiques et médicinaux à cause de sa composition biochimique. Le but de notre étude est la caractérisation biochimique des principes actifs de la coque et de l'amande de Carapa procera de quatre localités des zones agro-écologiques soudaniennes nord et sud du Mali. Ainsi, l'humidité, les cendres, certains métabolites primaires et secondaires, les éléments minéraux et organiques ont été déterminés. L'humidité des coques est plus grande que celle des amandes (11,16% vs 4,37%), par contre sa teneur en cendre totale est plus faible que celle de l'amande (1,01% vs 4,37%). Avec l'amande, nous avons enregistré des teneurs de 53,5 %, 5,64 % et 5,63 % respectivement de lipides, protéines et glucides. De faibles teneurs de tanins et d'alcaloïdes sont déterminées. Par ailleurs, l'amande et la coque ont fourni des teneurs peu variables pour le magnésium, le sodium et le potassium tandis que les teneurs en fer, calcium et cuivre ont varié considérablement. La teneur en matière organique de l'amande est inférieure à celle de la coque. Le fruit de Carapa procera peut présenter une bonne prédisposition à la conservation, à la production d'huile et une bonne activité biologique.