Objective: Despite implementation of different strategies, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continued to account for a substantial proportion of maternal deaths in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of PPH and its associated factors among women who gave birth in a university hospital in eastern Ethiopia from 1 to 31 March 2020. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A review of 653 randomly selected medical records of all deliveries from 1 March 2018 to 29 February 2020 in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH), a university hospital in eastern Ethiopia, was conducted. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and reproductive health conditions, and presence of PPH. Data were coded, checked for completeness and entered using EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Results were expressed using frequencies, tables and figures. Binary and multiple logistic regression were fitted to identify factors associated with PPH and associations were described using adjusted odds ratio (aOR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations with p<0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were declared as statistically significant. Results: From a total of 642 (98.3%) women included in this study, 83 (12.9%; 95% CI 10.4-15.6) had PPH. Maternal age >35 years (aOR = 3.08; 95% CI 1.56, 6.07), no antenatal care (aOR = 3.65; 95% CI 1.97, 6.76), history of PPH (aOR = 4.18; 95% CI 1.99, 8.82), and being grand multigravida (aOR = 3.33; 95% CI 1.14, 9.74) were significantly associated with having PPH. Conclusion:A high proportion of women who gave birth in HFSUH experienced PPH. Prevention and management of PPH should focus on improving antenatal care and prioritize grand multigravida, older women, and women with a previous history of PPH.

IntroductionAcceptance of vaccination among Health Care Workers is mandatory to lessen and curve the spread of transmission of COVID-19. Even though the Health Belief Model is one of the most widely used models for understanding vaccination behavior against COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Health Care Workers in Ethiopia was not adequately explored by using the Health Belief Model domains.PurposeThis study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among Health care workers in eastern, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional-based cross-sectional study design was used among 416 health care workers selected by a systematic random sampling method from June 1- 30/2021. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was carried out to identify factors associated with willingness to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and a statistical significance was declared at a P-value &lt; 0.05.ResultsThe willingness of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was 35.6% making a response rate of 99.7%. Age 30-39 (AOR = 4.16;95% CI: 2.51, 6.88), age ≥ 40 years (AOR = 3.29;95% CI: 1.47, 7.39), good attitude (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.55), perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.32), and perceived severity (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.10) were factors significantly associated with Health Care Workers acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine.ConclusionThe willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low. Factors significantly associated with the willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine were age, good attitude, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity of the disease. The low willingness of Health Care Workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was alarming and it needs more emphasis from the government in collaboration with other stakeholders to provide reliable information to avert misconceptions and rumors about the vaccine to improve the vaccine status of Health Care Workers to protect the communities.

BackgroundMaternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) recto-vaginal colonization is the most common route for early onset neonatal GBS diseases. A good understanding of the rate of maternal GBS colonization, vertical transmission rate, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles is needed to formulate a broad protection mechanism, like vaccine preparation. For that reason, this meta-analysis aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of GBS recto-vaginal colonization, vertical transmission rate, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles in Ethiopia.MethodsBoth published and unpublished studies were searched from MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences databases, and Google Scholar. Independent selection was then carried out by the authors based on the eligibility criteria and data extraction using Microsoft excel. The authors then used STATA version 14.1 software for further cleaning and analysis. The review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) PRISMA guidelines. Using the random-effect model, the prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and forest plot were used to present the findings. Besides, the studies' heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane chi-square (I2) statistics, while Egger intercept was used to assess publication bias.ResultsThis review included nineteen studies. The pooled prevalence of recto-vaginal colonization was 15% (95% CI: 11, 19), while the prevalence of vertical transmission was 51% (95% CI: 45, 58) and highest-level susceptibility to vancomycin was 99% (95% CI: 98, 100). However, the GBS susceptibility to tetracycline was 23% (95% CI: 9, 36).ConclusionsNearly one out of seven pregnant women in Ethiopia had recto-vaginal colonization of GBS. As a result, half of the pregnancies end with vertical transmission of GBS. Hence, the review emphasizes that policy and programs should consider planning and implementing prophylactic programs.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021287540.

Background Pelvic organ prolapse remains a neglected public health problem in developing countries. The burden of pelvic organ prolapse varies by region and ranges from 9 to 20%. It poses an impact on women’s quality of life and affects their role at the community and family level. Although it has negative consequences and extensive burden, the true feature of pelvic organ prolapse is not well known among ever-married women attending health facilities for various reasons in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude of pelvic organ prolapse and associated factors among ever-married women attending health care services in public Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 4th to April 5th, 2020 among 458 ever-married women attending public Hospitals in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. The study subjects were selected through systematic sampling. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, 2013). The prevalence was reported by proportion and summary measures. Predictors were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis model and reported using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Result Of 458 women enrolled in the study, 10.5% of them had pelvic organ prolapse based on women’s reporting of symptoms. History of lifting heavy objects [AOR = 3.22, 95% CI (1.56, 6.67)], history of chronic cough [AOR = 2.51, 95% CI (1.18, 5.31)], maternal age of greater than or equal to 55 years [AOR = 3.51, 95% CI (1.04, 11.76)], history chronic constipation (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI (1.54, 9.22) and no history of contraceptive utilization [AOR = 2.41, 95% CI (1.13, 5.05)] were significantly associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Conclusion In this study, one in ten ever-married women who visited health facilities for various reasons have pelvic organ prolapse. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified. This result provides a clue to give due consideration to primary and secondary prevention through various techniques.

BackgroundEpisiotomy is an intentional surgical incision made on the perineum with the aim of enlarging the introits during the second stage of labor or just before delivery of the baby. It sometimes also interferes with the mother's comfort during the postpartum period and has associated complications especially when it is done without indication. However, there is limited information regarding episiotomy practice in the study area.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the magnitude of episiotomy practice and associated factors among women who gave birth at the Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 systematically selected mothers who gave birth at the Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, from 1 January to 30 December 2021. Datas were collected from delivery medical records using a pretested checklist. The extracted data were checked, coded, and entered into the Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to the STATA version 16 software for analysis. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with episiotomy practice. P-values &lt; 0.05 were considered to declare the presence of statistical significance.ResultsThe overall prevalence of episiotomy practice was found to be 43.4 % (95% CI: 38.7, 48.9), and mediolateral was the most commonly practiced episiotomy type (41.4%). Parity [AOR: 6.2; 95% CI (3.8–17.6)], 1st min Apgar score [AOR: 1.6; 95% CI (1.04–2.67)], presence of maternal medical disease [AOR: 3.3; 95% CI (1.09–6.9)], and induced labor [AOR: 1.6; 95%CI (1.12, 4.13)] were significantly associated with the episiotomy practice.ConclusionThe prevalence of episiotomy practice in the study area was high. Parity, presence of maternal medical disease, induction of labor, and 1st min APGAR score were significant factors associated with episiotomy practice. Considering the presence of appropriate indications or preventing unjustifiable indications, can help to reduce the current high practice rates.

BackgroundAnemia is a significant public health issue, accounting for 20–40% of maternal deaths. Despite the government's commitment and the interventions of various stakeholders, the magnitude and major risk factors of anemia remain unabated. Though there are few documented studies on anemia among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia in general, in the study area in particular, some of the variables such as helminthics and history of caesarian section in relation to anemia need to be studied. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in University Hospital in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 456 clients who were attending antenatal care in Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital from 01 to 30 June 2021. Systematic sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and sample collection were used to collect the data. The data were coded, double-entered to Epi data version 3.1, cleaned, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to present frequency distributions. Variables with p-value &lt; 0.25 during bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariate logistic regression models to control for all possible confounders to identify the factors associated with a magnitude of anemia. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of &lt; 0.05.ResultA total of 456 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 96.9%. The magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was 112 [(25.3%) 95%CI: (21.5–29.2%)], of which, 27 (6.10%), 36 (8.13%), and 49 (11.08%) had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Birth interval &lt; 2 years [AOR: 3.24, (95% CI: (1.88, 4.32)], number of children ≥2 [AOR: 2.54, (95% CI: (1.12, 4.64)], monthly income &lt; 1,000 birr [AOR: 2.89, (95% CI: (1.31, 5.58)], third trimester pregnancy [AOR: 2.89, (95% CI: 4.86, 12.62)], and abnormal menstrual history [AOR: 2.28, (95% CI: (1.69, 5.24)] were the factors significantly associated with anemia.ConclusionAnemia among pregnant women was relatively high compared to previous studies. Birth intervals, number of children, history of menstrual disorder, monthly income, and trimester of pregnancy were all significantly associated with anemia in pregnant women.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse remains neglected a public health problem in developing countries. The burden of pelvic organ prolapse varies by region and ranges from 9% to 20%. It poses an impact on women’s quality of life, and affect their role at community and family level. Although it has negative consequences and extensive burden, the true feature of pelvic organ prolapse is not well known among ever-married women attending health facility for various reason in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude of pelvic organ prolapse and associated factors among ever-married women attending healthcare services in public Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia.Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 4th to April 5th, 2020 among 458 ever-married women attending public Hospitals in Ethiopia. The study participants were approached through face-to-face interview using standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, 2013). The prevalence was reported by proportion and summary measures. Predictors were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis model and reported using adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.Result: Of 458 women enrolled in the study, 10.5% [95%CI (7.6, 13.5)] of them had pelvic organ prolapse based on women’s reporting of symptoms. History of lifting heavy objects [AOR=3.22, 95%CI (1.56, 6.67)], history of chronic cough [AOR=2.51, 95%CI (1.18, 5.31)], maternal age of greater than and equal to 55 years [AOR=3.51, 95% CI(1.04, 11.76)], history chronic constipation (AOR=3.77, 95%CI(1.54, 9.22) and no history of contraceptive utilization [AOR= 2.41, 95%CI (1.13, 5.05)] were significantly associated with pelvic organ prolapse.Conclusion: In this study, one in ten women suffer from pelvic organ prolapse. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factor were identified as a predictor. This result provides a cue to give due consideration on primary and secondary prevention through various techniques.