No abstract

Mutual trust between community citizens and towards social institutions may be reasons for overcoming barriers in providing CPR by lay rescuers. A normative obligation to act, regardless of CPR training and, importantly, without facing any adverse legal reactions, also seems to be an important factor behind CPR provision. Mathiesen WT , Bjørshol CA , Høyland S , Braut GS , Søreide E . Exploring how lay rescuers overcome barriers to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a qualitative study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(1):27-32.

Based on current weaknesses in the understanding of the mechanisms, factors and positive effects involved in checklist usage, as well as a scarcity of qualitative approaches, the aim of this study was to explore surgical personnel experiences with the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist, 2 years after implementation. Three focus group interviews were conducted with surgical personnel. An interview guide was designed to assist the interview process, comprised of broad, open-ended questions. Notes and audio recordings were fully transcribed verbatim and subsequently analysed using qualitative content analysis in order to identify emergent meaning units, categories and themes. The checklist improves confidence, team communication and sharing of critical information in the surgical team. However, informants described the occurrence of wrongsite surgery not prevented by the checklist due to preoperative wrong-site marking combined with automated checklist use in the operating room. Using the checklist as a 'tic box exercise' was recognized as a safety challenge by all professions, especially during routine surgery. The surgical team balances safety and effectiveness constantly in the operating room. Challenges that need to be addressed include making the Sign-in part a team effort and taking the accompanying pause in performance during the Time-out and the Sign-out, with cross-check of items, in order to avoid automated checklist use. We suggest surgical team training that includes checklist performance, in order to enhance the quality of checklist use.

We suggest that future medical and nursing research should emphasise a detailed, unvarnished documentation of the access process that incorporates existing accounts of the process.

No abstract

No abstract

BackgroundWithin existing research in health and medicine, the nature of knowledge on how teams conduct safe work practices has yet to be properly explored.MethodsWe address this concern by exploring the varieties in which knowledge is expressed during interdisciplinary surgical operations. Specifically, the study was conducted in a surgical section of a Norwegian regional general hospital, between January and April of 2010, by means of an ethnographic design combining detailed non-participant observations, conversations and semi-structured interviews.ResultsBased on an analysis of the gathered data, we identify three particular themes in how knowledge is expressed by operating room personnel: (i) the ability and variety individuals demonstrate in handling multiple sources of information, before reaching a particular decision, (ii) the variety of ways awareness or anticipation of future events is expressed, and (iii) the different ways sudden and unexpected situations are handled by the individual team members.ConclusionsWe conclude that these facets of knowledge bring different insights into how safe work practices are achieved at an individual and team level in surgical operations, thus adding to the existing understanding of the nature of knowledge in safe work practices in surgical operations. Future research should focus on exploring and documenting the relationships between various elements of knowledge and safe work practices, in different surgical settings and countries.

No abstract