Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinological disorder characterised by a combination of polycystic ovarian morphology, diverse clinical features, and abnormal biochemical indices that affects women of reproductive age. Aim: To assess the sonographic appearance of ovaries and endometrium in clinically suspected cases of PCOS and to determine the association between the sonographic appearance of ovaries and endometrium with the clinical and hormonal profile of the patient. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 53 female patients in the reproductive age group (18-35 years) who were referred to the Department of Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India for pelvic ultrasonography in clinical suspicion of PCOS from September 2020 to September 2022. All patients underwent transabdominal sonography, only married individuals with abdominal obesity underwent transvaginal ultrasonography. Complete biochemical hormonal analysis was performed. Association between volume, size of the ovary, number of follicles, and stromal thickness with hormones like Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinising Hormone (LH), testosterone, prolactin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was analysed. All continuous variables were expressed as mean±standard deviation and categorical variables as percentages. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age was 25.60±4.09 years and the majority 26 (49.1%) were between 18 to 25 years and presented with menstrual abnormalities. Volume of ovary was ≥10 cc in 41 (93.18%) patients with LH >6.7 IU/mL which was statistically significant (p=0.03) and LH/FSH ratio was >2:1 in 30 patients of which 28 (93.3%) had ovarian volume ≥10 cc which was statistically significant (p=0.03). A number of follicles >12 showed a significant association with LH (p=0.04), LH/FSH (p=0.01), testosterone (p=0.002). Stromal thickness also showed significant association with LH (p=0.018), LH/FSH (p=0.001), testosterone (p=0.04). Conclusion: Predominant patients with PCOS had enlarged ovaries with multiple (>12), small-sized (<9 mm) peripherally arranged follicles and low FSH and elevated LH, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, TSH, and prolactin levels.
Purpose: Modifiable risk factors, including nutrition, are of particular interest in cancer research. There are limited studies establishing associations between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the nutritional practices and perceptions of nutrition and cancer among breast cancer patients in northern Tanzania. Methods: Participants with confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer were identified in an outpatient setting and included in a larger qualitative study regarding patient breast cancer experiences and reasons for advanced stage at time of diagnosis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by trained interviewers and transcribed verbatim, then translated from Swahili to English. Thematic coding using a grounded theory approach was done by two independent researchers. Results: Twenty patients (10 rural and 10 urban) participated in the interviews. The average age was 56; 11 (55%) completed primary education, 10 (50%) were unemployed, and 5 (25%) were married. Fourteen (70%) of the patients had stage 4 breast cancer, 3 (15%) had stage 3, and 3 (15%) had stage 2. Food access varied with 6 (30%) patients identifying as farmers or growing up on coffee plantations. Within this group, two-thirds mentioned pesticide use. Cancer causes perceived by patients included animal products (n = 5, 25%), cooking oil and fried food (n = 5, 25%), toxins or chemicals in food (n = 6, 30%), alcohol use (n = 5, 25%), smoking (n = 2, 10%), and being overweight/obese (n = 1, 5%). After receiving the cancer diagnosis, 55% (n = 11) modified their diet: decreased or ceased alcohol intake (n = 4, 20%), stopped consuming soda (n = 2, 10%), prepared food by boiling instead of frying (n = 2, 10%), and increased vegetable intake (n = 3, 15%). Conclusions: Many participants perceived cancer to be caused by dietary factors with some correctly identifying risk factors including smoking, alcohol use, and being overweight/obese. These beliefs were impactful enough to lead many to change their dietary habits after cancer diagnosis. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of dietary habits on cancer outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa and provide educational interventions to promote healthier lifestyles in patients. Citation Format: Garrett Barnes, Sindhu Dwarampudi, Elizabeth Msoka-Bright, Lily Gutnik. The Perceived Relationship Between Nutrition and Cancer Among Breast Cancer Patients in Northern Tanzania [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 83.
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