Purpose Esophageal cancer is the second most common cancer among men and women. There is a need to systematically assess the current evidence to map out the contribution of genetic factors in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods A literature search was carried out on published and unpublished studies up to August 2021 in Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, Proquest, Web of Science, and Google scholar. Studies that have reported the frequency of genetic mutations in ESCC were included in this study. Results A total of 1238 titles were retrieved through searches, and finally, 56 articles, including 8114 samples, met our predefined inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, 31 were conducted in China, 12 in Japan, and the remaining were conducted in various nations, including Brazil, Korea, and Iran. Most of our included studies evaluated the TP53 (n = 37 studies) and PIK3CA (n = 30 studies) gene mutations.
Background: As polypharmacy has some medically negative impacts, it has become a challenging issue for public health and affected people. Therefore, we decided to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and its predicting risk factors in the Azar cohort population. Methods: In this cross-sectional population-based cohort study, the prevalence of polypharmacy was evaluated in 15,001 subjects who participated in the Azar cohort study. We measured demographic characteristics (age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking status, marital status, and education level), physical activity level, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, multimorbidity (coexistence of two or more chronic diseases (CDs)), and polypharmacy status (a daily intake of five or more medicines for a minimum of 90 days). Results: Based on our results, 9.51% of the population had polypharmacy. The five most prescribed medications were drugs acting on the cardiovascular system (19.9%), central nervous system (16.7%), endocrine system (13.3%), NSAIDs (11.5%), and drugs used for musculoskeletal and joint diseases (11.4%). Being female, illiterate, and having the lowest tertile of physical activity level significantly increased the risk of polypharmacy. The risk of polypharmacy was 49.36 times higher in patients with four or more CDs than in those without. Conclusions: Our study emphasized the importance of routine monitoring to evaluate polypharmacy among those aged 35 to 59 and the elderly. Physicians should carefully assess drug suitability, especially in multimorbid and obese patients, to prevent excessive polypharmacy and its potentially negative impacts.
Background: With a global prevalence of about 10%, gastric cancer is among the most prevalent cancers. Currently, there has been an ongoing trend toward investigating genetic disruptions in different cancers because they can be used as a target-specific therapy. We aimed to systemically review some gene expression patterns in gastric cancer. Methods: The current systematic review was designed and executed in 2020. Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, web of knowledge, and Science Direct were searched for relevant studies. A manual search of articles (hand searching), reference exploring, checking for grey literature, and seeking expert opinion were also done. Results: In this review, 65 studies were included, and the expression pattern of HER2/ ERBB2, ER1/Erb1/EGFR, PIK3CA, APC, KRAS, ARID1A, TP53, FGFR2 and MET was investigated. TP53, APC, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutation cumulative frequency were 24.8 (I2=95.05, Q value=525.53, df=26, P<0.001), 7.2 (I2=89.79, Q value=48.99, df=5, P<0.001), 7.8 (I2=93.60, Q value=140.71, df=9, P=0.001) and 8.6 (I2=80.78, Q value=525.53, df=9, P<0.001) percent, respectively. Overexpression was investigated for HER1/ Erb1/EGFR, PIK3CA, APC, KRAS, ARID1A, TP53, CCND1, FGFR2, MET and MYC. The frequency of TP53 and HER2/ERBB2 were 43.1 (I2=84.06, Q value=58.09, df=9, P<0.001) and 20.8 (I2=93.61, Q value=234.89, df=15, P<0.001) percent, respectively. Conclusion: More research is encouraged to investigate the genes for which we could not perform a meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and febrile seizure (FS). Our study was registered with the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021259944). Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest Central were searched, and finally, 17 studies were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the NLR levels. Compared with the febrile control group, the FS patients’ NLR levels were significantly higher ( SMD = 0.49 ; 95 % CI = 0.26 to 0.72, P < 0.001 ). Furthermore, we conducted a comparison of NLR levels between febrile controls against simple and complex FS cases separately and found that NLR levels of children with either simple or complex FS were higher compared with those of febrile controls ( SMD = 0.42 , 95 % CI = 0.14 to 0.69, P = 0.003 and SMD = 0.90 , 95 % CI = 0.71 to 1.09, P < 0.001 , respectively). Also, in comparison with the NLR levels of the simple FS group, the complex FS patients’ NLR levels were significantly higher ( SMD = 0.59 , 95 % CI = 0.34 to 0.85, P < 0.001 ). Our study indicated that NLR could be recommended as an inexpensive diagnostic biomarker for FS. In addition, it can be useful when distinguishing between simple FS and complex FS.
Introduction: Increased red cell distribution width (RDW) is linked to pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) severity and is associated with inflammation during the acute phase of the PTE. In this study, we aimed to measure the predictive value of RDW for in-hospital mortality and major cardiopulmonary adverse events. Methods: Data from 801 patients with the diagnosis of PTE were retrospectively reviewed. We divided patients into two groups based on experiencing Major Adverse Cardiopulmonary Events (MACPE), which includes mortality, thrombolysis, mechanical ventilation, and surgical embolectomy during hospitalization. Then the collected medical records were compared between the groups. In-hospital mortality and MACPE were our primary and secondary measured outcomes, respectively. Results: Mean RDW was 14.28 ± 1.44 in the whole population and was higher in the MACPE group (P-value= 0.024). RDW with the cut-off point of 14.05% has both sensitivity and specificity of 54% (AUC=0.555, CI=0.509 - 0.601) in predicting in-hospital MACPE, but with the cut-off point of 13.75%, it has a higher performance in predicting in-hospital death (AUC=0.650, CI=0.575 – 0.726). Patients with the RDW ≥ 13.75% had a higher mortality rate than the others (P-value=0.003). RDW remained an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality but not MACPE after conducting a multivariable analysis (P-value= 0.009, 0.397 resp.) Conclusion: the mortality caused by pulmonary embolism can be predicted using RDW as an easily accessible marker, but it performs poorly in predicting in-hospital MACPE.
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