Depression is commonly observed in university students, who are a high risk group for developing psychiatric disorders during adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions and psychological determinants among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted between 9 and 28 September 2020 among 80 university students in Malaysia. Participants completed online survey questionnaires, including the validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CMCQ), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) stress subscale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), which assess depression, body constitution, dysfunctional attitude, stress, perceived stress, and self-esteem. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associated risk factors for depression. The overall prevalence of depression among university students was 33.8%. The multiple regression analysis showed a significant relationship between depression and qi-stagnation constitution (B = 0.089, p = 0.011), balanced constitution (B = −0.077, p = 0.049), and self-esteem (B = −0.325, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that some traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions and self-esteem are significant risk factors affecting depression among university students. Identifying risk factors of depression is vital to aid in the early detection of depression among university students.

Methods A cross-sectional study explored non-medical prescribing in a London based GUM department between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2010. A retrospective review of randomly selected clinical notes was performed. This included 382 nurse prescriber led and 255 nonprescriber led GUM consultations. Prescribing frequency; range of medications and diagnoses; independent episode completion and prescribing safety were investigated. Results Medication was dispensed in 52.9% (n¼337) of consultations in the 637 combined episodes. A total of 427 diagnoses were identified that required 34 different medicinal products and 452 treatments to be dispensed in total by nurse practitioners. The management of sexual contacts accounted for 22.1% (n¼60) of treatments. A statistical difference in independent practice existed between practitioners (c 2 test p<0.001), with prescribers 15.52 times (CI 9.41 to 25.59) more likely to independently complete episodes of care. Safe appropriate prescribing was identified in 99.1% (n¼210) of cases. On two occasions a lack of documentation of concurrent medication or allergies made it difficult to assess safety. There were no serious errors in prescribing practice found. Conclusions In our GUM clinic widespread use of prescribing skills was demonstrated. Nurses with prescribing skills were able to work more independently. Non-medical prescribing has been applied safely in accordance with clear treatment guidelines. Background HIV is one of the fastest growing serious health conditions in the UK. HIV+ MSM have an increased burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Effective interventions are needed to reduce the risk to MSM's health. MI is an evidence based goal-directed approach to behaviour change. There is some evidence for its use in risk reduction in sexual health. A clinic was set up to deliver an MI based intervention to MSM who engage in "high risk" sexual activity. The aim is to reduce the frequency of patients' unprotected sex, thereby reducing risk of transmission/acquisition of STIs. Aims The aim of this paper is to review the level of need for a MI based risk reduction clinic. An audit of referral data to the MI clinic was compared with an audit of referrals to the general sexual health psychology clinic. The latter receives referrals from sexual health; a proportion of total referrals to this service include clients who engage in high risk sexual activity. Methods The MI clinic was publicised by presenting the clinic at teaching and multi-disciplinary clinic meetings. Patient leaflets outlining the service were distributed across clinic rooms. A survey of staff was carried out to assess potential need for the service. A comparison audit of referral data to the MI clinic vs the general sexual health psychology clinic over a 6-month period was carried out. Results A comparison of the average number of referrals per month to the general psychology service vs the MI clinic was carried out. The MI clinic averaged 30% more referrals per month than the general sexual health psychol...

Traditional Chinese medicine body constitution (TCMBC) reflects a person’s vulnerability to diseases. Thus, identifying body constitutions prone to depression can help prevent and treat depression. The review aimed to assess and summarize the existing evidence that explores the relationship between TCMBC and depression. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, MEDLINE, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, Embase, VIP, CINAHL, and CMJ were searched from inception to April 2021. Observational studies assessing the association between TCMBC and depression were selected. The quality of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Eighteen studies were included in the systematic review and thirteen in the meta-analysis. The pooled odd ratios of developing depression for Qi-stagnation, Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency, Yin-deficiency, and Balanced constitutions were 3.12 (95% CI, 1.80–5.40; I2 = 94%), 2.15 (95% CI, 1.54–3.01; I2 = 89%), 1.89 (95% CI, 0.71–5.03; I2 = 81%), 1.41 (95% CI, 0.91–2.20; I2 = 57%), and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.40–0.90; I2 = 94%), respectively. The findings suggest that the evaluation of a person’s TCMBC could be useful the in prevention and treatment of depression. However, more case-control and cohort studies are required to further confirm the association between TCMBC and depression.

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders and being an increasing concern in university students who have an increased risk of psychiatric disorders during adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted between 9 th and 28 th September 2020 among 80 university students in Malaysia. Participants completed online survey questionnaires, including the validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CMCQ), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) stress subscale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) that assess depression, body constitution, dysfunctional attitude, stress, perceived stress and self-esteem respectively. Socio-demographic data and health status were also recorded. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associated risk factors for depression. The overall prevalence of depression among university students was 33.8%, with a greater prevalence among females (26.3%) than males (7.5%). The multiple regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between depression and qi-stagnation constitution (B=0.089, p=0.011). Additionally, significant negative relationships were found between depression with balanced constitution (B=-0.077, p=0.049) and self-esteem (B=-0.325, p=0.001) respectively. Our findings suggest that traditional Chinese medicine body constitution and self-esteem are significant risk factors affecting depression among university students. Identifying risk factors of depression is vital to aid in the early detection of depression among university students.

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and intravenous hydrocortisone was commenced. Subsequent infective screen for viral and bacterial pathogens was negative. Over the following week the pustular rash began to desquamate with significant improvement. She made a full clinical recovery and subsequently started antiretroviral therapy and atovaquone for PCP prophylaxis. Discussion Drug reactions in the setting of HIV and its treatment are common. AGEP in the setting of HIV has rarely been reported. This case illustrates a less common but important severe cutaneous adverse reaction to recognise in our HIV cohort.