This study evaluated the insulation resistance characteristics of TFR-8 (Tray Frame Retardant power cable for fire service) and VCTF (Light PVC Sheathed Circular Cord) cables under external flame, over-current, and accelerated degradation tests. In the accelerated degradation test of the cable, aging times of 10, 20, 30, and 40 years were tested according to a temperature derived using the Arrhenius equation. The insulation resistance of the TFR-8 cables was reduced from a maximum of 7.5 T ohm to 0.008 T ohm during the flame contact and recovered to its original state after cooling. However, dielectric breakdown occurred in the VCTF cable during flame contact and the cable did not return to its original state, even after cooling. In the forced convection oven test, the insulation resistance of the cable was reduced at 160 °C, whereas the insulation resistance of the cable was reduced at 125 °C in the over-current test. This result implied that the over-current had a greater impact than did heat applied externally on the degradation of the cable insulator. In the accelerated degradation tests from 10–30 years, the TFR-8 cable did not show any reduction in insulation resistance at room temperature. However, after an induced aging time of 40 years, the cable showed a rapid reduction in insulation resistance at room temperature.
This study was aimed at identifying the causes of continuous failures, fires, and explosions of electrical and electronic systems in educational facilities that result from lightning, which occurs frequently during the summer. The study is also aimed at suggesting prevention measures for such damage. The installation status and problems of lightning protection systems (LPSs) were examined by analyzing the damage compensation data of the Korea Institute of Educational Facility Safety, a questionnaire and field survey, and related laws. A total of 49,989 educational facilities responded to the questionnaire. The survey indicated that out of all the educational facilities, 21% had external LPSs, 6.2% had internal LPSs, 4% had both internal and external LPSs, and only 2.5% had installed bonding in addition to internal and external LPSs. The LPSs were not installed properly because the heights of most educational facilities are less than 20 m although the Building Act stipulates that LPSs should be installed in buildings with a height of 20 m or more. Furthermore, periodic inspections and checkups were not performed because the Electric Utility Act does not apply to LPSs. However, starting in January 2021, the installation and management of LPSs will be conducted in accordance with the Korean Electric Equipment Regulation, which includes the standards for LPSs. A design using a field survey must be performed prior to the installation of LPSs. Based on the survey, an estimate should be calculated, and the design, construction, and supervision should be performed.
This study aims to determine the basic physical properties of varistor, which is a protective element in a surge protection device (SPD) used to prevent damage to electric and electronic equipment due to lightning. To do this, we conducted tests of insulation resistance, leakage current, heating characteristics, accelerated aging, impulse current, and operating duty according to temperature. To measure insulation resistance and leakage current, an S1-1568 insulation resistance tester was used. To measure the temperature rise according to a change in the external environment, a convection oven was employed. For the impulse current test, a surge current generator of a direct lightning strike, which was designed and manufactured according to the IEEE and UL standards, was used. We verified that the leakage current increased and the insulation resistance decreased as the voltage and outside temperature were applied to the varistor. This meant that heating and deterioration accelerated due to the leakage current, depending on the place where the SPD was applied. Heat accumulation due to constant heating could cause a change in the physical properties of a varistor and degradation of performance, leading to failure. The impulse current test results of the varistor through the operating duty test showed that changes in insulation resistance and leakage current did not occur significantly with an increase in the number of impulse applications when the less than the maximum surge currents. On the other hand, the maximum surge current was exceeded, the insulation resistance rapidly decreased, which also rapidly increased the leakage current.INDEX TERMS SPD, MOV, varistor, surge protection device.
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