Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) remain the first-line therapy in patients with Graves' disease (GD), despite a high relapse rate. The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of remission in patients with GD treated with ATDs-retrospective study at an endocrine referral service in Northern Greece. Two-hundred and eleven patients met the study's criteria. Females (p = 0.049), non-smokers (p = 0.017), patients without ophthalmopathy (p = 0.033), and those developing pharmaceutical hypothyroidism (p = 0.018) experienced longer duration of remission. Duration of remission was positively associated with therapy duration (r s = 0.151, p = 0.030), maximum TSH levels during (r s = 0.241, p = 0.001), at the end (r s = 0.280, p < 0.001) and 3 months after therapy (r s = 0.341, p = 0.003). There was a negative association with free T4 (FT4) (r s = -0.426, p < 0.001) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (r s = -0.467, p = 0.038) levels at 6 months after ATDs discontinuation. In multiple-regression analysis, only duration of the first ATDs course for more than 24 months independently predicted duration of remission. Female gender, non-smoking, the absence of orbitopathy, treatment duration, pharmaceutical hypothyroidism, higher TSH levels during, at the end and 3 months after ATDs discontinuation, and lower FT4 and FT3 levels 6 months after therapy were associated with longer duration of remission. However, only duration of ATDs therapy for more than 24 months independently predicted predict long-term remission in GD.

During the last decade, studies provided evidence on the indirect or direct participation of leptin in human reproductive functions. Leptin plays a role in puberty, gonadal function, early embryogenesis and fat metabolism during pregnancy [5][6][7]. Mean circulating leptin levels are higher in women compared to men [5][6][7]. At the same time, circulating leptin levels vary during the physiological spontaneous menstrual cycle presenting with lower values during the follicular and higher values during the luteal phase [8][9][10][11][12][13]. This fact supports the notion that leptin plays an important role in female reproductive functions and it fuels questions whether leptin levels are associated with gonadotropin or ovarian steroid levels. These questions still remain open.The participation of leptin in human female reproductive functions raises the question whether other adipokines are related to these functions, too. The present study was designed to investigate the serum levels of Byron AsiMAkopouLos*, AthAnAsios MiLousis*, theodorA GiokA**, GeorGiA kABouRoMiTi**, GeorGe GiAnissLis*, Androniki TRoussA*, MArA siMopouLou*, siMoni kATeRGARi*, GreGory TRipsiAnis*, nikos nikoLeTTos*** Abstract. This study investigated the serum levels of resistin, adiponectin and leptin during the physiological menstrual cycle. sixteen women (age: 19-30 years; body mass index: 19.46-24.9) with regular menstrual cycles participated. Fasting blood samples were collected on alternate days throughout a full menstrual cycle. Mean resistin concentrations were slightly higher during the luteal phase (5.30±0.23 ng/ml) compared to the follicular (4.68±0.07 ng/ml) and midcycle (4.86±0.09 ng/ml) phases (p=0.032). Mean leptin concentrations during the follicular phase (18.14±0.28 ng/ml) were significantly lower compared to the midcycle (21.79±0.29 ng/ml, p=0.006) and luteal phases (23.75±0.64 ng/ml, p<0.001). The variation of adiponectin concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle was not significant. According to the results, circulating resistin, likewise leptin concentrations vary significantly during the physiological menstrual cycle presenting with higher values during the luteal phase. This pattern, although its physiological importance is not clear, suggests that resistin, likewise to leptin, may have a role in the regulation of cyclic female reproductive functions. The stable adiponectin concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle indicate that this adipokine probably does not play a considerable role in female reproductive functions.

Acromegaly is associated with an increased morbidity. About half of the treated patients achieved remission (2/3 of microadenomas). The best outcomes were reported for the combination of surgery with radiotherapy, in spite of a higher risk of hypopituitarism. SSA led to remission in a significant percentage of microadenomas, but was associated with increased rates of cholelithiasis and impaired glucose homeostasis.

Abstract. The recently identified gastric hormone ghrelin was initially described as a natural Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor ligand. Apart from ghrelin's first discovered action, which was the stimulation of Growth Hormone release, implications for many other functions have been reported. It seems that ghrelin exhibits an important role in conditions related to processes regulating nutrition, body composition and growth, as well as heart, liver, thyroid or kidney dysfunction. In this review, current available knowledge about ghrelin's role in various pathological conditions is presented.

Except for a reduction in systolic and diastolic BP, thyroid substitution therapy does not affect lipidaemic profile, systematic inflammation, glucose homoeostasis or coagulation in patients with SH.