Textile effluent is rich in hydrolyzed dyes that need to be removed. This study presents an evaluation of the potential of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase to remove the hydrolyzed dyes Reactive Blue 21 (RB 21) and Reactive Red 195 (RR 195) from cotton fiber and the effluent of the dyeing process. The parameters pH, dye concentration and temperature were evaluated to determine the optimal conditions to remove the dyes. The studies of removal of the dyeing effluent led to an increase of degradation for all tested colors. The use of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase as a biocatalyst can be a viable technological alternative to remove some hydrolyzed dyes.
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe development process of new technologies in drilling fluids has established that the fluid should have viscosity control and clays inhibition. Some other aspects as fluid loss control and grout thickness had become almost that decurrent of the action of the main products. The search of a highly inhibitive water-based drilling fluid (WBDF) system has been a continuous purpose in the drilling fluid industry.We have designed and developed new materials that will improve the inhibition capacity of water-based fluid, besides favoring a complete rheology and fluid loss control of the system. Parameter viscosity reached great evolution in the last decades with the implantation of high performance polymer, capable of substituting the bentonite. Through this, the fluid with low solid became the key of the success in perforation fluids.The developed system consists of an environment-friendly cationic polymer as shale inhibitor, a fluid-loss control, and a polymer that provides viscosity and gel structure. Components were designed for high performance water-based drilling fluids, and present the versatility to be used as much with industrial water, as seawater or saltwater, maintaining the fluid performance. This work will discuss some properties of this system, comparing with the traditional system used by Petrobras -Brazil.
The aim of this work was to remove the dyes Reactive Blue 221 (RB 221) and Reactive Blue 198 (RB 198) of synthetic effluent using the immobilized enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in Ca-alginate beads. Experimental parameters affecting the dye removal process such as the effect of pH, temperature, hydrogen peroxide concentration, mass capsules, and reuse were evaluated, and a numerical model of mass transfer was developed. A maximum removal of 93 and 75%, respectively, for the dyes RB 221 and RB 198, at pH 5.5 and temperature of 30 °C, concentration of hydrogen peroxide of 43.75 μM for dye RB 221 and 37.5 μM for the dye of RB 198 was obtained. A removal reaction of 180 min for RB 221 and 240 min for RB 198 was observed. Three reuse cycles of use of immobilized enzyme were achieved for both dyes. The numerical model proposed led to a good fit compared to experimental data. The HRP enzyme immobilized in Ca-alginate capsules showed a great potential for biotechnological applications, especially for the removal of reactive dyes.
Reactive dyes are complex structures that cause environmental damage when discarded. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reuse of effluent from an enzyme‐catalyzed dyeing process. The main parameters that influence the degradation of the mixture of dyes using the enzyme horseradish peroxidase were studied using response surface methodology: enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, and dye concentrations as well as the pH. The best conditions for the synthetic effluent were then applied to the reuse of the effluent from the dyeing process in laboratory and pilot scales. In the studies in pilot scale a high colour intensity was obtained (ΔE* value of 0.6) and a good washing fastness (4.0). The results obtained indicate that peroxidases could be used for colour removal on an industrial scale to save water and energy in the post‐dyeing process, reusing part of this effluent with the same efficiency as that of a traditional process.
Neste trabalho apresentamos uma alternativa para a dosagem do teor de silicone (polidimetilsiloxano) em antiespumantes por meio da técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), com a utilização do acessório de reflectância total atenuada (ATR). Os espectros foram registrados na faixa espectral de 2500 a 780 cm-1, com resolução de 4 cm-1 e 128 varreduras. A calibração de um modelo linear por meio da utilização do método de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) aplicado aos espectros foi capaz de determinar satisfatoriamente a concentração de silicone nas amostras. Este método é de extrema importância para indústrias produtoras de antiespumantes siliconados, uma vez que o desempenho de tais produtos geralmente é avaliado em função da viscosidade dos mesmos. Muitas vezes no processo de fabricação de tais produtos ocorre uma homogeneização incompleta do silicone no solvente, o que leva a resultados de viscosidade que não são representativos das amostras analisadas. A determinação da concentração do teor de silicone é uma importante ferramenta para o Controle Estatístico de Processo (CEP), pois evita o desperdício de matérias-primas empregadas na fabricação dos antiespumantes.
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