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PurposeThe paper explores the role of narcissism on entrepreneurs' decisions in terms of organizational choices, discussing gender differences. The aim relies in the influence that entrepreneurs' personality, capabilities and cognitive orientation have in the creation and management of start-ups.Design/methodology/approachAnalyzing an Italian sample of 207 entrepreneurs and using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generalized linear model methods, the hypotheses were tested to understand whether and how narcissism affects Research and development (R&D) expenditure, patent ownership and the presence of a specialized team in organizations led by women and men entrepreneurs.FindingsDifferences in the management and organizational choices of narcissistic women entrepreneurs compared to their men counterparts emerged. First, results show that women entrepreneurs are less narcissistic than men. Second, gender is shown to moderate the effect of narcissism on the choice of having a qualified team in a start-up. Third, narcissistic women entrepreneurs were found to engage less in risk-taking activities, such as R&D expenditure, and to patent their ideas more than their male counterparts.Originality/valueThe study expands the existing literature by applying a gendered lens to entrepreneurs' narcissism to investigate whether they behave and manage their start-ups differently.

Purpose of the paper:In start-ups, innovation strategies are influenced by the entrepreneur's personality. We aim to investigate such influence by exploring how entrepreneurs' narcissism affects start-ups' innovation.Methodology: We integrated survey data on a cross-industry sample of 115 Italian entrepreneurs with secondary data consisting of patents, economic and financial information from a public database. The survey uses the NPI-16 scale to measure entrepreneurs' narcissism.Results: Results showed a non-linear relationship between entrepreneurs' narcissism and start-ups' innovation: high and low levels of narcissism are detrimental to innovation. Moreover, we found a substitution effect between market dynamism and start-ups' innovation; the higher the level of market dynamism, the more negative the effect of entrepreneurs' narcissism on innovation.Research limitations: Being based on an Italian sample, the study does not address the impact of narcissism in other cultures. Practical implications: Our study identifies the mechanisms through which entrepreneurs' narcissism affects start-ups' innovation and explores how the market scenario affects the relationship between entrepreneurs' narcissism and innovation.Originality of the paper: We show that narcissism might be positive for firms and identify how entrepreneurs' narcissism affects start-ups' innovation. We demonstrate that market scenario affects the relationship between entrepreneurs' narcissism and innovation, while also showing that contextual factors can reveal important contingencies. From a methodological viewpoint, we applied the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) scale to a sample of entrepreneurs. Previous work mainly used secondary data consisting of business reports and interviews, or employed the NPI in samples of MBA students.

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Introduzione: La pandemia, dichiarata dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità l’11 marzo 2020, a seguito dell’infezione da COVID-19, ha portato le aziende sanitarie ad affrontare una rapida riorganizzazione dei processi assistenziali. Tale condizione ha determinato cambiamenti sostanziali nella pratica degli operatori sanitari. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo dello studio è analizzare il carico assistenziale percepito dagli infermieri italiani, che a causa del COVID-19, si trovano a rispondere sul campo a nuovi bisogni assistenziali. Materiali e Metodi: È stata condotta un’indagine trasversale attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario online riguardante il carico assistenziale percepito dagli infermieri, attraverso l’Indice di Dipendenza Assistenziale (IDA score). Il questionario è stato somministrato nei mesi di Aprile e Maggio 2020 ed è stato postato in tre gruppi di infermieri su Facebook. I post sono stati visualizzati da 956 persone e 281 questionari completi sono stati restituiti(tasso di risposta 29.4%). Risultati: I risultati mostrano che gli infermieri percepiscono un IDA score medio-alto, cioè in media i pazienti richiedono un’assistenza relativamente elevata. Movimento, igiene,ambiente sicuro e respirazione sono i bisogni maggiormente percepiti ad alta dipendenza. Inoltre, gli infermieri che hanno percepito un carico assistenziale maggiore sono principalmente localizzati nel Sud Italia e Isole, di sesso maschile, con età superiore ai 40 anni e operanti nei reparti di area critica e/o nei reparti COVID-19. Discussione: Volendo fornire una fotografia della situazione lavorativa attuale del nostro campione di infermieri Italiani, i risultati hanno mostrano differenze interessanti tra le percezioni degli infermieri in base al genere, all’età, all’area geografica e al reparto di appartenenza. I risultati del nostro studio mostrano che i bisogni a maggior dipendenza assistenziale in questo periodo pandemico sono: movimento, igiene,ambiente sicuro e respirazione. Questi, nella letteratura internazionale, vengono generalmente tralasciati dagli operatori a causa di carenza di personale nei reparti e numero troppo elevato di pazienti per operatore. Pertanto, nel periodo pandemico, questi bisogni sono riemersi e si è riscoperto da un lato, l’importanza per il paziente e dall’altro l’impegno che essi richiedono all’operatore per essere attuate. Di qui la nostra conclusione: la dipendenza assistenziale del paziente affetto da COVID-19 ha un grande impatto sul lavoro e sul benessere psico-fisico dell’infermiere.

PurposeAgainst the theoretical backdrop of the embeddedness and the resilience literatures, this paper investigates if and how SMEs' planning for adversity affects firms' performance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops hypotheses that investigate the link between the risk management of immigrant-led and native-led SMEs and their performance and draw on novel data from a survey on 900 immigrant- and 2,416 native-led SMEs in 5 European cities to test them.FindingsImmigrant-led SMEs are less likely to implement an adversity plan, especially when they are in an enclave sector. However, adversity planning is important to enhance the growth of immigrant-led businesses, even outside a crisis period, and it reduces the performance gap vis-à-vis native-led businesses. Inversely, the positive association between adversity planning and growth in the sample of native entrepreneurs is mainly driven by entrepreneurs who have experienced a severe crisis in the past.Originality/valueThis paper empirically uses planning for adversity as an anticipation stage of organizational resilience and tests it in the context of immigrant and native-led SMEs. Results support the theoretical reasoning that regularly scanning for threats and seeking information beyond the local community equips immigrant-led SMEs with a broader structural network which translates into new organizational capabilities. Furthermore, results contribute to the process-based view of resilience demonstrating that regularly planning for adversity builds a firm's resilience potential, though the effect is contingent on the nationality of the leaders.