Online trade is recognized as one of the major wildlife conservation challenges of present times, but its ability to facilitate biological invasions seems to be often overlooked. In New Zealand, online trading poses a biosecurity risk associated with the importation of unwanted flora and fauna into the country, as well as the spread of undesirable organisms within internal borders. We provide a number of examples to highlight the importance of this issue. There is no simple solution for this problem; it not only requires vigilance and quick action by the appropriate authorities, but it is also necessary to raise awareness by educating the public (both selling and buying species) and liaising with those in charge of online trading sites.

In this paper we address the related issues of retail innovation, changing shopping practices and shopping geographies. We do so in relation to the spread of self-service grocery stores, and particularly the supermarket, in the post-war retail environment of Britain (1950Britain ( -1970, arguing that this juncture provides a propitious opportunity to study the relationship between changing practices of retailing and consumption. We highlight shoppers' selective adoption of new self-service formats in relation to certain product categories and argue that this can be explained in part by reference to the socially embedded nature of women food shoppers' behaviours and in particular the influence of contemporary notions of the 'good housewife'. We support our argument by reference to a wide range of contemporary documentary material relating to post-war shopping including market research reports, the publications of local consumer groups and selected retailer and government archive sources.

Literature within the fields of consumer behavior, retail geography, and history attests to the varying ways that consumers use retail space not only for legitimate acts of consumption but also for illegal forms of shopping behavior. In this context, this article approaches shoplifting by customers in selfservice grocery stores, including supermarkets, in the United Kingdom in the period . Through an analysis of a range of trade and consumer publications, the article explores how retailers and consumers reacted to and reported on the increasing rate of thefts in the period. It reveals the contradictory position of retail managers, responsible for controlling the pilferage problem but also involved in its very stimulation. It also highlights the considerable attention given to the store environment as a cause of shoplifting. The article aims to improve the understanding of the ways in which the consumer may react to periods of change in retailing.

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This article focuses on the role of company magazines at Boots The Chemists between 1919—1939. Informed by Marchand's model of the creation of a `corporate soul' and Weick's typology of organizational `sensemaking', the article examines how The Bee, the house journal disseminated to retail employees, alluded to the contribution made by Boots as `Chemists to the Nation' to the health and welfare of its customers and to the towns in which branches were situated. Arguing that company magazines could be used to demonstrate corporate soul to employees as much as to the consumer, the article shows how The Bee was used to `enact' scenarios that highlighted the valuable role that the company perceived that they performed in the local community.

Trade union attitudes towards European immigrants have rarely been studied in a post-war context. As a response to this, this article focuses on trade union reactions to European workers in the Lancashire cotton industry between 1946 and 1951. Highlighting the merits of local case studies of labour relations, the focus is predominantly on the Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners and Twiners. Evidence is presented of a defensive attitude on the part of the Association that limited the number of European workers in individual mills, as well as acting as a barrier to such workers advancing into the echelons of skilled labour. The paper recognises, however, the complexities of the period, characterised as much by the consequences of capitalism and the decline of the cotton industry, as trade union jingoism. It also alludes to the conflicts that existed between individual districts and Executive Committees, between negotiated agreements and circumstances at individual mills and between employers and labour.