The success rate and the onset of complete sensory block after ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block are not enhanced by a triple injection of local anesthetic compared with a single injection posterior to the axillary artery.

The T-piece and the CPAP systems are effective alternatives to the standard oxygen catheter technique for apnea testing. Oxygenation was best maintained with the CPAP system, which can be useful in some patients.

The double-injection technique offers no benefit over a single injection for the performance of an ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block.

No abstract

A series of new 1,4-dithioketopyrrolopyrrole and thienopyrrolodithione derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy and electrochemistry measurements. The replacement of carbonyl by thiocarbonyl has a direct effect on the optical gap and on the ionization potential and electron affinity energies. For example, the optical gaps have been lowered by 0.5 eV, a fact that has been correctly predicted by density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. A theoretical analysis on the stability of the new molecules is also presented.

We failed to demonstrate that the rate of complete sensory block of the double-injection axillary block is noninferior to the single-injection infraclavicular block. However, the rate of complete sensory block at 30 minutes is statistically significantly lower with the axillary block. The ultrasound-guided single-injection infraclavicular block thus seems to be the preferred technique over the axillary for upper arm anesthesia.

No abstract

The caudad technique provided better surgical anesthesia.