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The advantages of lower postoperative complications and shorter operative times have been found in studies of surgeons experienced in MIS repair and differences were small. The evidence in this review supports that MIS repair is a safe, effective method of IHR with proper training and mentorship.

Admission CRP and WBC levels may help the clinician predict complicated appendicitis in children older than 5 years of age. Early distinction of appendicitis severity using these tests may guide caregivers in the preoperative decision-making process.

Long peripheral cannulas represent a valid option for medium-term intravenous access in children undergoing surgery. Majority of patients will be successfully treated with one long peripheral cannula for the duration of their treatment without the need for further cannulation.

Growth and nutrition following surgery for CD improve, but there is a high relapse rate. Despite this, the improved growth and nutrition before relapse may be beneficial during puberty and justify surgery in children not responding to medications.

To enable large-scale multi-factorial finite element (FE) studies, the FE models used must be as computationally efficient as is feasible, while maintaining a suitable level of definition. The present study seeks to find an optimum level of model complexity for use in such large-scale studies by investigating which model attributes are most influential over the chosen model outputs of principal stress and strain in the intact acetabulum. A multi-factorial sensitivity study was carried out using 128 FE models, representing combinations of the following variables: bone stiffness distribution, imposed muscle loading, boundary condition location, hip joint contact conditions and patient's bone anatomy. The relative sensitivity of each input factor was analysed, and it was concluded that the optimum level of model definition must include CT-dependent trabecular bone properties and a sliding interface at the hip joint. It was found that it was not essential to describe the ligamentous sacroiliac and pubic symphysis joints; these could be rigidly fixed in space; and for the normal walking load case, muscle forces may be neglected. It was also concluded that a variety of bone anatomies should be included in a multi-factorial analysis if results are to be inferred for a wider population.

The results of the laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair are important for discussion as operative methods differ from that of herniotomy. The detection rate of contralateral patent deep inguinal ring appears to be higher for direct visualization via umbilical 30 degrees laparoscopy versus 70 degrees scope via the hernia sac. Whilst laparoscopy offers potential advantage of improved visualization, longer term prospective data collection is needed to compare these methods of operative hernia management.