With economic development, changes in people's living habits and accelerated pace of life, the incidence of diabetes is increasing. 1,2 Diabetic nephropathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, which seriously threatens human health. 3,4 Diabetes mellitus accelerates the loss of kidney function in people with chronic kidney disease and profoundly increases the risks of major cardiovascular events, end-stage kidney disease, and mortality for this population. 5,6 However, the current clinical treatment methods have great limitations and cannot effectively slow down disease progression.Numerous blood-pressure lowering agents are used to prevent or slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. [6][7][8] Commonly used antihypertensive drugs are diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). ACEI and ARB drugs can not only lower blood pressure, but also increase glomerular function and inhibit renal fibrosis. The use of ACEI drugs can not only reduce the levels of circulating angiotensin II and aldosterone, but also increase circulating bradykinin and ultimately lower blood pressure. In addition, it can also reduce renal fibrosis and inflammation. 9 However, because of the negative feedback regulation of the renin-angiotensin system, the use of ACEI or ARB drugs leads to the compensatory increase of renin and angiotensin in the body, which limits the further protective effects of ACEI and ARB drugs. Renin inhibitors, such as Aliskiren, can reduce the level of angiotensin, angiotensin
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