Intra-operative oxytocin is effective in decreasing blood loss during abdominal myomectomy.

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Objectives:Although Spinal anesthesia is the most common and safe anesthetic method for patients undergoing cesarean section, difficult access to it is a frequent problem in operating theaters. The predictive factors for the difficulty of spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section were investigated.Methods:A total of 110 pregnant women, single-stranded, aged 18-40 years old and ASA class I or II candidates for elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia were studied. Demographic information, body appearance, ability to bend the back of the patient was recoded. Also the position of the anatomical landmarks of the lumbar spine, the presence or absence of deformity in the spinal column lumbar was recorded for all patients.Results:The correlation coefficient of age, weight, body mass index, general body appearance, retention ability, anatomical signs of the spinal column (touching the spinous process) and the interval between the vertebra with the difficulty of spinal anesthesia were statistically significant (p<0.05). Complications after spinal anesthesia had a statistically significant relationship with the difficulty of performing spinal blockade (p: 0.006).Conclusion:Increasing age, weight, body mass index, reducing the ability to bend the waist, the non-touching of the spinous process and interstitial space causes the difficulty of performing spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section. The results can contribute to determining and designing a spinal blockade scoring system based on the patient’s characteristics and effective factors before the surgery, to facilitate the technique by anesthesiologist.

Introduction Preeclampsia is a relatively common hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Preeclampsia occurs in about 5%-15% of all pregnant women, may cause dangerous complication and even death in the mother and fetus (1). In 5% of all cases, preeclampsia can progress toward eclampsia, and up to 19% of the cases present with HELLP syndrome, maternal and perinatal mortality can be increased (2). Severe preeclampsia and its associated complications are considered as the leading main indications for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (3-7). The most common indications for admission to the ICU of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension include but are not limited to refractory hypertension, neurological dysfunction (intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and elevated intracranial pressure), liver or kidney dysfunction, pulmonary edema, HELLP syndrome, and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (2,8-10). There are several studies of critically ill obstetric patients, but little has been studied on the maternal and perinatal outcomes of patients with preeclampsia, eclampsia or HELLP syndrome (2,11). The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the frequency, indications, interventions and clinical outcomes of patients with severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome admitted to the ICU. Materials and Methods After obtaining the written approval of the ethical committee of hospital, this study was conducted. Records of all preeclamptic and eclamptic patients and pregnancy conditions indicating HELLP syndrome which needed intensive care in Al-Zahra hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were reviewed retrospectively within 1-year from March 2012 to March 2013. Studied data included clinical epidemiological variables, laboratory test parameters, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, rate of morbidity and mortality and its related factors, and the average duration of ICU stay. Descriptive statistics were used for categorical data as frequency (n) or percentage (%) and for continuous parameters as mean ± SD, or as median range on the presence or absence of a normal data distribution. Categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis. Results In this study, 35 (62.5%) women with severe preeclampsia, 2 (3.5%) women with eclampsia and 19 (34%) patients with HELLP syndrome were studied. Total number of

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