IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. We aimed to explore the gender-related association between nine indexes (BMI/WC/VAI/LAP/WHtR/TyG/TyG-BMI/TyG-WC/TyG-WHtR) and MAFLD/NAFLD and examine their diagnostic utility for these conditions.MethodsEligible participants were screened from the 2017-2018 cycle data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the predictive performance of 9 indexes for MAFLD/NAFLD.ResultsAmong the 809 eligible individuals, 478 had MAFLD and 499 had NAFLD. After adjusting for gender, age, ethnicity, FIPR and education level, positive associations with the risk of MAFLD/NAFLD were found for all the nine indexes. For female, TyG-WHtR presented the best performance in identifying MAFLD/NAFLD, with AUC of 0.845 (95% CI = 0.806-0.879) and 0.831 (95% CI = 0.791-0.867) respectively. For male, TyG-WC presented the best performance in identifying MAFLD/NAFLD, with AUC of 0.900 (95% CI = 0.867-0.927) and 0.855 (95% CI = 0.817-0.888) respectively.ConclusionBMI/WC/VAI/LAP/WHtR/TyG/TyG-BMI/TyG-WC/TyG-WHtR are important indexes to identify the risk of MAFLD and NAFLD.
IntroductionExisting evidence suggests an association between certain vitamins and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but few epidemiological studies have focused on the effects of multivitamin co-exposure on MetS. This study aims to investigate the associations of the individual or multiple water-soluble vitamins (i.e., vitamin C (VC), vitamin B9 (VB9), and vitamin B12 (VB12)) with co-exposure to MetS, as well as the dose-response relationships among them.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted by employing the National Health and Examination Surveys (NHANESs) 2003-2006. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models were used to explore the association between individual serum water-soluble vitamins and the risk of MetS and its components, including waist circumference, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose. Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the dose-response relationships among them. The quantile g-computation method was adopted to explore the associations of multiple water-soluble vitamins co-exposure with MetS risk and MetS components.ResultsA total of 8983 subjects were involved in the study, of whom 1443 were diagnosed with MetS. The MetS groups had a higher proportion of participants with age ≥60 years, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, and insufficient physical activity. Compared with the lowest quartile, the third (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.94) and highest quartiles (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.76) of VC were associated with lower MetS risk. Restricted cubic splines showed negative dose-response relationships among VC, VB9 and VB12, and MetS. Regarding MetS components, higher VC quartiles were associated with lower waist circumference, triglyceride, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, while higher VC and VB9 quartiles were associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Co-exposure to VC, VB9, and VB12 was significantly inversely associated with MetS, with ORs (95% CI) of 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) and 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) in the conditional and marginal structural models, respectively. Furthermore, we found that VC, VB9, and VB12 co-exposure were negatively associated with waist circumference and blood pressure, while VC, VB9, and VB12 co-exposure were positively associated with HDL.ConclusionThis study revealed negative associations of VC, VB9, and VB12 with MetS, while the high water-soluble vitamin co-exposure was associated with a lower MetS risk.
Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. The neuroprotective function of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the alleviative effect and underlying mechanism of action of Rg1 on learning and memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation. Using 72 h of LED light to establish sleep deprivation model and treatment with Rg1-L (0.5 mg/ml), Rg1-H (1 mg/ml), and melatonin (positive control, 0.25 mg/ml), we investigated the behavioral performance of sleep deprivation zebrafish through 24 h autonomous movement tracking, a novel tank diving test, and a T-maze test. Brain injuries and ultrastructural changes were observed, brain water content was measured, and apoptotic events were analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. The oxidation-associated biomarkers superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde content were detected. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the levels of apoptotic molecules (Bax, caspase-3, and Bcl-2). Rg1-treatment was observed to improve the behavioral performance of sleep-deprivation fish, alleviate brain impairment, and increase oxidative stress-related enzyme activity. Rg1 can effectively exhibit neuroprotective functions and improve learning and memory impairments caused by sleep deprivation, which could be mediated by the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway (see Supplementary Video Abstract, Supplemental digital content, http://links.lww.com/WNR/A702 which demonstrates our research objectives, introduction overview of Rg1, and main direction of future research).
Introduction: As a common type of clinical dementia, the prevalence rate of vascular dementia (VaD) increased rapidly in recent years, damaging both patients’ health and social-economic prospect. There is currently no effective treatment for VaD, though western medicines can slightly improve patients’ cognitive function, but not brought a significant improvement in daily life ability. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely employed to treat dementia for more than 2000years in China. Despite the proliferation of relevant literature, there is still a lack of evidence to prove the effectiveness and safety of such therapy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM for VaD. Methods and analysis: Six English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Springer, CENTRAL and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) and 4 Chinese databases (Wan fang Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database <VIP>, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database <CNKI> and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database <CBM>) will be searched from the inception to July 1st, 2020. Randomized controlled trials, which participants with VaD receiving various CHM therapy versus control group, will be included in this study. Two researchers will independently obtain data, screen eligible trials, and evaluate the quality of literature. Any disagreement will be settled by a discussion with the third investigator. A comprehensive meta-analysis will be conducted using the Cochrane collaboration software (Review Manager 5.3). Ethics and dissemination: Since this article is a protocol that does not involve patients and personal information collection, ethical approval is therefore not required. This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and will be shared on social media platforms. The review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentation. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY 202210098.
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