Association of serum water-soluble vitamin exposures with the risk of metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES 2003-2006

Abstract

IntroductionExisting evidence suggests an association between certain vitamins and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but few epidemiological studies have focused on the effects of multivitamin co-exposure on MetS. This study aims to investigate the associations of the individual or multiple water-soluble vitamins (i.e., vitamin C (VC), vitamin B9 (VB9), and vitamin B12 (VB12)) with co-exposure to MetS, as well as the dose-response relationships among them.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted by employing the National Health and Examination Surveys (NHANESs) 2003-2006. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models were used to explore the association between individual serum water-soluble vitamins and the risk of MetS and its components, including waist circumference, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose. Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the dose-response relationships among them. The quantile g-computation method was adopted to explore the associations of multiple water-soluble vitamins co-exposure with MetS risk and MetS components.ResultsA total of 8983 subjects were involved in the study, of whom 1443 were diagnosed with MetS. The MetS groups had a higher proportion of participants with age ≥60 years, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, and insufficient physical activity. Compared with the lowest quartile, the third (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.94) and highest quartiles (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.76) of VC were associated with lower MetS risk. Restricted cubic splines showed negative dose-response relationships among VC, VB9 and VB12, and MetS. Regarding MetS components, higher VC quartiles were associated with lower waist circumference, triglyceride, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, while higher VC and VB9 quartiles were associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Co-exposure to VC, VB9, and VB12 was significantly inversely associated with MetS, with ORs (95% CI) of 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) and 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) in the conditional and marginal structural models, respectively. Furthermore, we found that VC, VB9, and VB12 co-exposure were negatively associated with waist circumference and blood pressure, while VC, VB9, and VB12 co-exposure were positively associated with HDL.ConclusionThis study revealed negative associations of VC, VB9, and VB12 with MetS, while the high water-soluble vitamin co-exposure was associated with a lower MetS risk.

Association of multiple serum minerals and vitamins with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018

“…Previous studies have illustrated that co-exposure to a mixture of nutrients, including β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, could diminish the risk of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients ( 27 ). Furthermore, the combined effects of vitamin C, vitamin B9, and vitamin B12 could limit the risk of metabolic disorders ( 28 ). Researchers demonstrated that adherence to a mineral-based nutrient pattern, which refers to the inclusion of multiple vitamins and minerals in an individual’s daily diet, was associated with healthier metabolic factors ( 29 ).…”

Associations of single and multiple vitamin exposure with childhood eczema: data from the national health and nutrition examination survey

“…Ketema et al ( 28 ) adopted BKMR analysis to show that a mixture of phthalate metabolites was associated with eczema in 7-year-old children. A cross-sectional study found that co-exposure to water-soluble vitamins was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome based on the qgcomp model and that vitamin C provided the greatest negative weight to the qgcomp index ( 29 ). In this study, we found a positive association between co-exposure to vitamins A, C, B 6 , B 12 , D, and E and eczema in children, with vitamin B 6 as the highest positive weighted vitamin.…”

Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders

“…With the improvement of living standards, metabolic diseases have been rampant worldwide. These diseases are closely related to high-fat diets (HFD) and pose a serious public health problem, leading to increased incidence and severity of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypertension, and hyperuricemia, as well as premature death ( 1 , 2 ). By 2025, the global obesity rate is projected to reach around 20%, with severe obesity exceeding 6% ( 3 ).…”