Soil biodiversity plays a key role in the sustainability of agriculture systems and indicates the level of health of soil, especially when considering the richness of microorganisms that are involved in biological control of soilborne diseases. Cultural practices may produce changes in soil microflora, which can be quantified through the isolation of target microorganisms. Rhizosphere soil samples were taken from an assay with different crop rotations and tillage systems, and populations of Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp. and actinomycetes were quantified in order to select the general and selective culture media that better reflect the changes of these microbial populations in soil. The most efficient medium for the isolation of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium spp. was potato dextrose agar modified by the addition of chloramphenicol, streptomycin and rose bengal, and for actinomycetes was Küster medium, with cycloheximide and sodium propionate.
The presence of both mating types was tested for in twelve isolates of Ascochyta rabiei in Argentina. A MATspecific PCR assay was performed. Nine of these isolates were identified as MAT1-1 and three of them MAT1-2. This is the first research regarding the mating types of Ascochyta rabiei in the country and suggests that there is a potential for sexual reproduction in Argentina.
ResumenSe describen las actividades de conservación y caracterización del bovino criollo peruano en el Instituto Nacional de Investigación y extensión Agraria (INIEA), las mismas que se han desarrollado con la activa interacción con las comunidades rurales de las regiones peruanas de Ancash, Apurímac, Ayacucho, Junín y Puno, dedicadas a la crianza de ganado criollo; en las comunidades también se llevaron a cabo trabajo de campo y charlas participativas sobre la conservación de sus morfotipos locales. Las actividades desarrolladas incluyen la caracterización morfológica y molecular empleando microsatélites y RFLP para detectar genotipos de proteínas lácteas (variantes de kappa caseínas y beta lactoglobulinas). Esta información será de utilidad para los programas de mejoramiento del bovino criollo peruano en las comunidades rurales.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important grain legume in the world, with an annual global production of about 17.22 million tonnes (Kabaci & Özer, 2021). Argentina is one of the main chickpea producers in South America, and is among the main exporters along with Canada and Australia . In particular, Córdoba province contributes 50% of the exports from Argentina (Farias, 2018). In this area, production is dominated by Kabuli varieties, such as Chañaritos S-156 (Criadero Alpa Sumaj FCA-UNC, register number 2392), the first cultivar registered for cultivation in the country. Ascochyta blight (AB) of chickpea, caused by the Ascomycete fungus Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. [teleomorph: Didymella rabiei (Kovacheski) von Arx (synonym: Mycosphaerella rabiei Kovacheski), is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of chickpea worldwide. The disease occurs in regions with cool and humid weather during the crop season (15-25°C; Pande et al., 2005; Rani et al., 2020).Several epidemics around the world resulted in 100% yield losses
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