Silicon (Si) is a promising alternative material for the anode Lithium ion Battery (LIB). Si has a large theoretical capacity about 3579 mA hg-1, ten times greater than the commercial graphite anode (372 mA hg-1). Bamboo is a source of organic silica (bio-silica). Most part biogenetic content of SiO2 is obtained in bamboo leaves. This paper aims to investigate the synthesis nano Si from bamboo leaves through magnesiothermic reduction after silica extraction using sol–gel method and to observe nano Si of bamboo leaf as mixed material for lithium ion baterry. Silica and silicon content was determined using XRF. Silica product has 96,3 wt. % yield of extraction from bamboo leaf, while silicon yield was obtained 61.2 wt. %. The XRD pattern revealed that silica and silicon product were amourphous. The extracted silica and silicon from bambo leaf has spherical shape and agglomerated form. As anoda material for LIB, silicon product achieved 0,002 mAh capacity for 22 cycle.

The evaluation of equity mutual fund performance and identification factors that affect mutual fund performance is of great interest to an investor in Indonesia. This study investigates the performance of equity mutual fund by using risk-adjusted performance proposed by Treynor (1965) and examines factors affecting mutual fund performance by using the ability of investment manager (market timing and stock selection skill), fund size, and inflation. To achieve the objectives of this study, a total of 19 equity mutual funds was selected using purposive sampling method from the period from 2011 to 2015. A panel data analysis method has been used to analyze the effect of those factors on the equity mutual fund performance. The result showed that equity mutual fund performance tends to fluctuate in Indonesia. Equity mutual fund performance influenced by stock selection skill and inflation, meanwhile, market timing skill and fund size have no significant effect on the equity mutual fund performance.

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It is also prompted to wisely convert waste into added value. One of them is to transform waste cooking oil into bioplasticizer by epoxidation with peroxyacetic acid and acid catalysts. Waste cooking oil is potential material as bioplasticizer for starch-based biocomposite due to highly unsaturated triglyceride. This paper was aimed to investigate performance of epoxidized waste cooking oil as bio plasticizer of starch-based biocomposite reinforced microfibrillated cellulose of bamboo based on tensile strength, elongation at break, and spectra peaks of FTIR. All of bamboo MFC was prepared through cellulose isolation by chemical treatments and microfibrillated cellulose conversion by assistance of ultrasonic homogenizer.

Silica waste from the geothermal plant in Dieng-Indonesia can be utilized as amorphous silica source regarding the high content of silica and high productivity in the plant. However, in the presence of metal oxides, a series of purification steps need to be carried out. This paper describes silica xerogels preparation via acid leaching and sol gel method. Sulfuric acid was chosen in acid leaching due to corrosivity and safety factors. In the beginning, FTIR spectrophotometry and BET-BJH of geothermal silica revealed characteristic functional groups and physisorption of amorphous silica. Response data were collected based on XRF data to obtain silica content at optimum sulfuric acid concentration. To ensure the optimum data, it was confirmed by using XRF at prior and post leaching. The result informed that acid leaching attained optimum at 25% of acid concentration with R2 = 1 releasing more than 98% of silica. Leached silica was introduced a sol-gel method by using NaOH 2 N with a ratio of SiO2 to NaOH (1:6 (w/V)) followed 1 N of HCl addition. The product was aged for 18 h before washing and drying at 105 °C. The functional groups spectra such as hydroxyl (-OH), silanol (Si-OH), and siloxane (Si-O-Si) account for the molecular model that might be formed along with the polymerization process. Analysis of SEM and FTIR confirmed morphology, particle size, and disappearance of organic functional groups during the xerogel synthesis process from geothermal silica.

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Reinforcing starch-based biocomposites have been investigated by many agents. This paper observes the characterization of cassava solid waste/bagasse starch (BS) reinforced bamboo cellulose micro fiber (MFC) and epoxidized waste cooking oil (EWCO). Previous research prepared EWCO through acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide process. The EWCO and glycerol were used as a plasticizer and the lime juice as the crosslinker. The products have been characterized tensile strength by texture analyzer, qualitative structural by FTIR, thermal by differential scanning calorimetric, and crystalline structure by spectra of XRD. The highest tensile strength of 25.8 MPa was achieved at the composition of MFC 1 %-w/w, glycerol of 0.25 %-v/v, lime juice of 0.125 %-v/v, and EWCO of 0.125 %-v/v. The products confirmed the disappearance of the acetyl moiety at 1732 cm-1 by FTIR, the diffraction peak at 15°, 17°, and 23° for neat BS, while the peaks disappeared at a range of 15°-23° for acetylated BS. The peak at 16.5° and 22.5° for cellulose I of neat and acetylated MFC. The weight loss and degradation temperature during thermal analysis were achieved about 22% and 290 °C, respectively. Glass transition temperature of products revealed decrease excluding the mixed of acetylated MFC, neat BS, and acetylated BS with an increase up to 117 °C.

:3), temperature range of 30⁰C to 70⁰C, and pH range of 7 to 11. Data were resulted from degree of susbtitution for each running. The optimum condition of acetylation of BS was obtained at temperature of 50⁰C (for BS) and 30⁰C (for MFC), pH of 9, and 2:1 ratio. This acetylation was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope.