Matius P, Tjwa SJM, Raharja M, Sapruddin, Noor S, Ruslim Y. 2018. Plant diversity in traditional fruit gardens (munaans) ofBenuaq and Tunjung Dayaks tribes of West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1280-1288. Munaans are traditionalfruit gardens of the Benuaq and Tunjung Dayaks tribes of West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research was conducted inMencimai, a Benuaq Dayak’s village and Sekolaq Darat, a Tunjung Dayak’ village. A 1.0 ha plot of old munaan lou (lembo lamin) inMencimai Village was used as representative study site for Benuaq ethnic traditional fruit garden and 1.0 ha plot of old munaan luuq(lembo lamin) in Sekolaq Darat Village as the study site representing Tunjung ethnic fruit gardens. Index of diversity was calculated byusing Shannon-Wiener (H') formulae and evenness by using Pielou. Species richness in munaan lou of Mencimai was 174 and munaanluuq of Sekolaq Darat was 165, which consisted of trees and understorey plants such as tree saplings, seedlings, shrubs, herbs, bamboos,lianas, and rattans. Diversity indices (H’) for all stage of plants within both munaan lou of Mencimai and munaan luuq of Sekolaq Daratwere 4.45 and 4.21 with the evenness (E) were 0.86 and 0.82 respectively. The common species of fruit trees found in munaan lou ofMencimai were Lansium domesticum, Durio zibethinus, Nephelium sp., Artocarpus integer, Nephelium lappaceum, Baccaureamacrocarpa, and Baccaurea edulis. Meanwhile, D. zibethinus, L. domesticum, Artocarpus anisophyllus, A. integer, Nepheliumuncinatum, and B. macrocarpa were the common fruit species in munaan luuq of Sekolaq Darat. The munaans serve many functions in thelocal context, and the local communities mainly use them as sources of fruits, wood, medicinal plants, tools, and legality of land tenure.
Indonesia is the richest country in the world in terms of biodiversity. Indonesian coastal and marine resources have an important meaning for the world, considering that the flora and fauna species found in Indonesia's tropical waters are more than any other region in the world. The various marine and coastal ecosystems that exist provide sustainable resources for the majority of the Indonesian people. Discussing the richness of biodiversity, especially biodiversity in the sea, Indonesian waters is known as the center of distribution of world coral reefs, and has the highest level of biodiversity in the world. The world coral triangle area, covering parts of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific, is the center of the world's marine biodiversity. The triangle-shaped area covers all or part of the six countries' exclusive economic zone (EEZ),
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