RESUMENSe discuten diferentes conceptualizaciones de equidad y desigualdad en salud, concluyendo que inequidad y desigualdad no son sinónimos, y se sugiere la utilización de desigualdad para describir perfiles epidemiológicos y equidad en relación con la distribución y el acceso de los servicios de atención a la salud. Se revisa en más detalle la situación de México, donde existe gran polarización socioeconómica, una reforma sanitaria privatizadora que ha aumentado la inequidad y una ciudadanía incompleta, como obstáculos principales para conseguir una disminución de la inequidad en salud.Palabras Clave: Inequidad en salud, inequidad social, política de salud, sistemas de salud, participación ciudadana, derecho a la salud, desigualdades en la salud (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACTThe different conceptualisations regarding equity and inequality in health are discussed, concluding that inequity and inequality are not synonyms. It is suggested that inequality should be used for describing epidemiological profiles and equity in relationship to the distribution of and gaining access to health attention services. The situation in México is reviewed in greater detail, as there is great socioeconomic polarisation in this country, a privatising sanitary reform which has increased inequity and incomplete citizenry as the main obstacles for gaining a reduction in inequity in health.Key Words: Inequity in health, social inequity, health policy, health system, citizen participation, the right to health, inequalities in health (source: MeSH, NLM).
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