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RESULTSWe enrolled 105 patients in the RRP and 103 in the RALP group; the two groups were comparable for all clinical and pathological variables, except median age. For RRP and RALP the respective median operative duration was 135 and 185 min ( P < 0.001), the intraoperative blood loss 500 and 300 mL ( P < 0.001) and postoperative transfusion rates 14% and 1.9% ( P < 0.01). There were complications in 9.7% and 10.4% of the patients ( P = 0.854) after RRP and RALP, respectively; the positive surgical margin rates in pT2 cancers were 12.2% and 11.7% ( P = 0.70). For urinary continence, 41% of patients having RRP and 68.9% of those having RALP were continent at catheter removal ( P < 0.001). The 12-month continence rates were 88% after RRP and 97% after RALP ( P = 0.01), with the mean time to continence being 75 and 25 days ( P < 0.001), respectively. At the 12-month follow-up, 20 of 41 patients having bilateral nerve-sparing RRP (49%) and 52 of 64 having bilateral nerve-sparing RALP (81%) ( P < 0.001) had recovery of erectile function. CONCLUSIONS

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Using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form 90% of patients undergoing robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy reported no urine leak 12 months after surgery. Patient age at surgery and Charlson comorbidity index were independent predictors of the return to urinary continence, whereas notably no variable related to prostate cancer was significantly correlated with urinary continence.

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Pathological extension of the primary tumor was the most relevant predictor of positive surgical margins. In patients with organ confined disease the presence of perineural invasion was significantly associated with positive surgical margins.