BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as an important risk factor for laryngeal carcinogenesis. Although HPV-16 and 18 have been strongly implicated, the presence of other high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes or the coinfection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPV) may increase the risk, but their etiological association has not been definitively established.MethodsWe characterized the genotype-specific HPV and the frequency of EBV and MCPV infections through the detection of their DNA in 195 laryngeal specimens of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histologically confirmed.ResultsHPV DNA was detected in 93 (47.7%) specimens. HPV-11 was the most frequent with 68 cases (73.1%), and HPV-52 was the most frequently HR-HPV found with 51 cases, which corresponds to 54.8% of all HPV-positive specimens. EBV DNA was detected in 54 (27.7%) tumor tissue specimens of which 25 (46.3%) were in coinfection with HPV. MCPV DNA was detected only in 11 (5.6%) cases of which 5 (45.4%) were in coinfection with an HR-HPV. No association between the presence of DNA of the three examined viruses and the patient smoking habits, alcohol consumption, age, the keratinization status, differentiation grade, or localization of the tumor in the larynx were found.DiscussionHPV-52 was the most prevalent HR-HPV, which may suggest that this and other genotypes in addition to HPV-16 and 18 could be considered for prophylaxis. However, further studies including non-cancer larynx cases and the evaluation of other molecular markers and viral co-infection mechanisms are needed to determine the role of the different HR-HPV genotypes, EBV, and MCPV in the etiology of SCC of the larynx.

Background: Central neurocytomas (CNs) are infrequent intraventricular tumors with features of neuronal differentiation that affect young adults and have an excellent prognosis after total resection. The main differential intraoperative diagnoses are oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; therefore, an accurate and precise intraoperative diagnosis is essential, making the cytologic features the hallmark for cytopathologists, surgical pathologists and neurosurgeons alike. Seven previous reports have described 18 cases of CNs and have addressed the cytodiagnostic criteria during intraoperative assessment in the English medical literature. Cases: Three patients (23 years old/male, 29 years old/female and 28 years old/male) were evaluated during intraoperative assessment as CNs. They showed intraventricular tumors that measured 6.5, 3.5 and 6.6 cm, respectively. The cytologic features common in these cases were: (1) monotonous or isomorphic round cells, (2) small nuclei with stippled or granular chromatin, and (3) acellular fibrillary areas or neuropil (islands). Other cytologic features often encountered were: rosette-like structures, micronucleoli, perinuclear haloes, well-formed capillary-sized vessels and calcifications. Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of CNs can be a diagnostic challenge. The integration of radiologic imaging and touch preparations taking into account specific cytologic features and frozen sections is necessary for an optimal intraoperative assessment.

El cáncer de laringe representa el 21.7% de las neoplasias malignas de vías aerodigestivas superiores. La prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en el cáncer de laringe oscila entre el 0 y el 80%. Método: Se incluyeron 112 muestras de tejido laríngeo de pacientes con cáncer de laringe. Se amplificó el ADN y se analizó la presencia y el genotipo del VPH mediante hibridación reversa (INNO-LiPA ® ). Se realizaron pruebas de ji cuadrada, Fisher y t de Student no pareada. resultados: Se incluyeron muestras de 107 hombres (95.5%) y 5 mujeres (4.5%), con una edad de 65.3 ± 10.1 años, con antecedente de tabaquismo 108 (96.4%), alcoholismo 9 (8.0%) y carcinoma epidermoide moderadamente diferenciado queratinizante 96 (85.7%). Se identificó VPH en 60 (53.5%), VPH-11 en 51 (45.5%), VPH-52 en 27 (24.1%), VPH-16 en 9 (8.0%), VPH-45 en 3 (2.6%) y coinfección por más de un genotipo en 31 (27.6%). No hubo diferencia entre pacientes con y sin infección por VPH en cuanto a edad, sexo, localización, diagnóstico histopatológico, tabaquismo ni alcoholismo (p > 0.05). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de infección por VPH en el cáncer de laringe fue del 53.5%, con coinfección por más de un genotipo en el 27.6%. El genotipo más frecuente fue el VPH-11, tipo de bajo riesgo, seguido por el VPH-52, de alto riesgo oncogénico.

Prevalencia y genotipos del virus del papiloma humano en muestras de tejido laríngeo de pacientes con cáncer de laringe del noreste de México